6. Examination of oral health, dental and periodontal indexes

Question 1

1. Oral health is examined during ___

Answer 1

stomato-oncologic examination.

Question 2

2. what are the 4 factors that oral health examination is based on?

Answer 2

1/ Dental status
- DMF-T or DMF-S mean values (WHO 1997)

2/ Periodontal status
- Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score

3/ State of the mucosa
- Determination and classification of mucosal lesions (WHO)

4/ Malocclusion
- Grade of malocclusion

Question 3

3. What are the 2 types of stomato-oncologic examination?

Answer 3

1/ extra-oral
- visual and palpation - examine lymph nodes, joints, lesions, bumps

2/ intra-oral
- Examine mucosa, saliva flow, salivary glands, tongue, soft and hard palate, sulci, and teeth, periodontal tissues

Question 4

4. DMFT and DMFS
   a/ What are DMFT and DMFS?

Answer 4

DMFT and DMFS are means to numerically express the caries prevalence and are obtained by calculating the number of Decayed (D)Missing (M)Filled (F)teeth (T) or surfaces (S)

Question 5

4. DMFT and DMFS
   b/ What is DMFT?

Answer 5

• the number of Decayed (D)Missing (M)Filled (F)teeth (T)
• DMF-T calculated for 28 permanent teeth (exclude 18,28,38,48) or 32 teeth
• Aim: to get an estimation illustrating how much the dentition has become affected by dental caries
• 3 figures need to be known until the day of examination
  1/ How many teeth have caries lesions (incipient caries not included)?
  2/ How many teeth have been extracted?
  3/ How many teeth fillings or crowns
• E.g, DMFT of 4-3-9=16 means that 4 teeth are decayed, 3 teeth are missing and 9 teeth have fillings (and 12 teeth are intact)

Question 6

4. DMFT and DMFS
   c/ What is an example of DMFT?

Answer 6

DMFT of 4-3-9=16 means that 4 teeth are decayed, 3 teeth are missing and 9 teeth have fillings (and 12 teeth are intact)

Question 7

4. DMFT and DMFS
   b/ What is DMFS?

Answer 7

• the number of Decayed (D)Missing (M)Filled (F) Surfaces (S)
• A more detailed index is DMF calculated per tooth surface, DMFS.
• Molars and premolars are considered having 5 surfaces, front teeth 4 surfaces.
• a surface with both caries and filling is scored as D.
• Maximum value for DMFS comes to 128 for 28 teeth.

Question 8

4. DMFT and DMFS
   c/ What are teeth examinations for primary dentition?

Answer 8

• Primary dentition – count 20 teeth. Use DEFT or DEFS
• where “E” indicates “extracted tooth”.

Question 9

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   a/ What are the 3 indicators of periodontal status are used for this assessment CPINT?

Answer 9

1/ presence or absence of gingival bleeding
2/ supra- or subgingival calculus
3/ periodontal pockets-subdivided into shallow (4-5mm) and deep (6mm or more)

Question 10

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   b/ How do we use CPINT index?

Answer 10

• Sextants. The mouth is divided into sextants defined by teeth numbers 18-14, 13-23 24-28, 38-34, 33-43, and 44-48.
  +) Only examine sextant if there are ≥2 teeth AND they are not for extraction.
  +) When only one tooth remains in a sextant, it should be included in the adjacent sextant
• Index teeth. For adults aged 20 years and over, the teeth to be examined are: Teeth to be examined
  (Index teeth – in red (only for adults ≥20))

Question 11

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   c/ What happen if the Score of CPTIN is 0?

Answer 11

• Condition: no disease
• Treatment: NO

Question 12

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   D/ What happen if the Score of CPTIN is 1?

Answer 12

• Condition: Gingival bleeding after gentle probing
• Treatment: Improvement in personal oral hygiene (TN1)

Question 13

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   e/ What happen if the Score of CPTIN is 2?

Answer 13

• Condition: Supra and/or sub gingival calculus
• Treatment: Improvement in personal oral hygiene and scaling (TN2)

Question 14

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   f/ What happen if the Score of CPTIN is 3?

Answer 14

• Condition: Pathological pocket 4 to 5 mm deep
• Treatment: Improvement in personal oral hygiene and scaling (TN2) - same as score 2

Question 15

5. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment needs (CPINT) index, maximum CPI-score
   g/ What happen if the Score of CPTIN is 4?

Answer 15

• Condition: Pathologic pocket 6mm to deep
• Treatment: Improvement in personal oral hygiene and scaling (TN2) and complex treatment (TN3)

Note: same as score 2 and with additional complex treatment (TN3)