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General Dental Preclinical > 32. General rules of dental anesthesia. > Flashcards

32. General rules of dental anesthesia. Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    a/ Characteristics of Anesthesia
A

1/ The most frequently used intervention in dental and surgical practice
2/ The key of a successful treatment
3/ No pain is good

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2
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    b/ What are the 7 factors that influence the rate of pain?
A

1/ The intensity of feeling
2/ Current psychological disposition
3/ Actual motivation
4/ Their previous experience
5/ Cultural background
6/ Ethnic background
7/ Drug effects

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3
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    c/ What are the 2 types of anesthesia?
A

1/ Local
2/ General

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4
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    d/ Characteristics of local anesthesia
A

Reversible blocking of neurogenic transmission by using local anaesthetics

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5
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    e/ What are the 3 types of local anesthesia?
A
  1. Terminal
  2. Conduction
  3. Ganglion
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6
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    f/ 2 examples of local terminal anesthesia
A

Superficial mucosal anesthesia
Anesthesia intrapulpalis

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7
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    g/ Requirement for conductive/block anesthesia (local anesthesia)
A

2 - 3 mm accuracy is required in case 1.8 - 3 ml injection

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8
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    h/ Is ganglion anesthesia usually used? (local anesthesia)
A

It is not really used in dentistry

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9
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    i/ Characteristics of general anesthesia
A

1/ Reversible blocking of senses and consciousness by using drugs
2/ Features
- Analgesia – lack of pain
- Amnesia
- Lack of sensory and vegetative reflexes
- Relaxation

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10
Q
  1. Anesthesia
    j/ Indications of general anesthesia
A

1/ Extensive surgery
2/ Short, but very painful interventions
3/ In case of patient unable to co-operate

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11
Q
  1. History of injection
A

1842 – first narcosis used for tooth extraction
1844: laughing gas (N2O); first hollow needle
1853: syringe + needle
1905 – discovery of procain/novocain
1910 – glass syringe
1943 – lidocaine production
1969 – articain
1970 – disposable syringe

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12
Q
  1. Rules of intraoral anesthesia
    a/ What are the 4 rules of intraoral anesthesia?
A
  1. Approaching from the less sensitive area
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13
Q
  1. Rules of intraoral anesthesia
    a/ What are the 5 rules of intraoral anesthesia?
A
  1. Approaching from the less sensitive area
  2. Always inject where submucosa can be found
  3. The olive faces the bone surface
  4. Continuous deponation during injection
  5. Deponate slowly with little pressure (2ml -> 30s)
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14
Q
  1. Rules of intraoral anesthesia
    b/ What are the most sensitive area in intraoral anesthesia?
A

Lips and the papilla between the upper and lower incisors

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15
Q
  1. Rules of intraoral anesthesia
    c/ Why do we have to deponate continuously during injection?
A

1/ Decrease the sensitivity after insertion
2/ Pushes the small vessels and nerves aside in the connective tissue

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16
Q
  1. How do we find special data (coordinates, geometry) for intraoral anesthesia?
A
  1. Insertion point
    - Insertion point is defined by the crossing of two lines.
  2. The direction of the injection
    - The direction is defined by an angle that is in that plane
  3. Depth of injection
    - Depth = distance in mm
17
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    a. What are the 2 types of drug administration routes?
A

Enteral and parenteral

18
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    b/ What is the application area of enteral route?
A

Mucosa of the gastrointestine system

19
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    c/ What is the application way of enteral route?
A

1/ Oral (per os)
2/ Perlingual
3/ Sublingual
4/ Rectal

20
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    d/ What is the application area of parenteral route?
A

1/ Other mucose surfaces
2/ Skin
3/ Injection

21
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    e/ What is the application way of parenteral route?
A
22
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    f/ What is the intracutan injection way of parenteral route?
A

We inject the solution between the layers of skin (low absorption)

23
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    g/ What is the subcutan injection way of parenteral route?
A

The solution is injected in the CT

24
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    i/ What is the Intrammuscularis injection way of parenteral route?
A

Solution is injected into the striated muscle -> slow absorption

25
Q
  1. Routes of drugs administration
    j/ What is the intravenous injection way of parenteral route?
A

No resorption time because the medicine is in the blood circulation at once

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