32. General rules of dental anesthesia. Flashcards
- Anesthesia
a/ Characteristics of Anesthesia
1/ The most frequently used intervention in dental and surgical practice
2/ The key of a successful treatment
3/ No pain is good
- Anesthesia
b/ What are the 7 factors that influence the rate of pain?
1/ The intensity of feeling
2/ Current psychological disposition
3/ Actual motivation
4/ Their previous experience
5/ Cultural background
6/ Ethnic background
7/ Drug effects
- Anesthesia
c/ What are the 2 types of anesthesia?
1/ Local
2/ General
- Anesthesia
d/ Characteristics of local anesthesia
Reversible blocking of neurogenic transmission by using local anaesthetics
- Anesthesia
e/ What are the 3 types of local anesthesia?
- Terminal
- Conduction
- Ganglion
- Anesthesia
f/ 2 examples of local terminal anesthesia
Superficial mucosal anesthesia
Anesthesia intrapulpalis
- Anesthesia
g/ Requirement for conductive/block anesthesia (local anesthesia)
2 - 3 mm accuracy is required in case 1.8 - 3 ml injection
- Anesthesia
h/ Is ganglion anesthesia usually used? (local anesthesia)
It is not really used in dentistry
- Anesthesia
i/ Characteristics of general anesthesia
1/ Reversible blocking of senses and consciousness by using drugs
2/ Features
- Analgesia – lack of pain
- Amnesia
- Lack of sensory and vegetative reflexes
- Relaxation
- Anesthesia
j/ Indications of general anesthesia
1/ Extensive surgery
2/ Short, but very painful interventions
3/ In case of patient unable to co-operate
- History of injection
1842 – first narcosis used for tooth extraction
1844: laughing gas (N2O); first hollow needle
1853: syringe + needle
1905 – discovery of procain/novocain
1910 – glass syringe
1943 – lidocaine production
1969 – articain
1970 – disposable syringe
- Rules of intraoral anesthesia
a/ What are the 4 rules of intraoral anesthesia?
- Approaching from the less sensitive area
- Rules of intraoral anesthesia
a/ What are the 5 rules of intraoral anesthesia?
- Approaching from the less sensitive area
- Always inject where submucosa can be found
- The olive faces the bone surface
- Continuous deponation during injection
- Deponate slowly with little pressure (2ml -> 30s)
- Rules of intraoral anesthesia
b/ What are the most sensitive area in intraoral anesthesia?
Lips and the papilla between the upper and lower incisors
- Rules of intraoral anesthesia
c/ Why do we have to deponate continuously during injection?
1/ Decrease the sensitivity after insertion
2/ Pushes the small vessels and nerves aside in the connective tissue
- How do we find special data (coordinates, geometry) for intraoral anesthesia?
- Insertion point
- Insertion point is defined by the crossing of two lines. - The direction of the injection
- The direction is defined by an angle that is in that plane - Depth of injection
- Depth = distance in mm
- Routes of drugs administration
a. What are the 2 types of drug administration routes?
Enteral and parenteral
- Routes of drugs administration
b/ What is the application area of enteral route?
Mucosa of the gastrointestine system
- Routes of drugs administration
c/ What is the application way of enteral route?
1/ Oral (per os)
2/ Perlingual
3/ Sublingual
4/ Rectal
- Routes of drugs administration
d/ What is the application area of parenteral route?
1/ Other mucose surfaces
2/ Skin
3/ Injection
- Routes of drugs administration
e/ What is the application way of parenteral route?
- Routes of drugs administration
f/ What is the intracutan injection way of parenteral route?
We inject the solution between the layers of skin (low absorption)
- Routes of drugs administration
g/ What is the subcutan injection way of parenteral route?
The solution is injected in the CT
- Routes of drugs administration
i/ What is the Intrammuscularis injection way of parenteral route?
Solution is injected into the striated muscle -> slow absorption
- Routes of drugs administration
j/ What is the intravenous injection way of parenteral route?
No resorption time because the medicine is in the blood circulation at once
