560P Extra

Question 1

What is the daily intake of alliin associated with successful lipid-lowering in most clinical studies using garlic powder?
A) About 3-6 mg
B) Over 20 mg
C) About 6-10 mg
D) About 10-20 mg

Answer 1

C) About 6-10 mg

Question 2

While ginkgo has been demonstrated to have value in the treatment of dementia, it has never been found helpful for improving cognitive function in non-demented subjects.
A.) True
B.) False

Answer 2

B.) False

Question 3

According to the German Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products, modern research on the efficacy of gingko biloba should assess all but one of the following categories of outcomes in patients with dementia. Which category is not a required outcome to assess?
A.) Global assessment of the patient by the physician
B.) Subjective self-assessment of patient’s mood state
C.) Activities of daily living, social behavior, care needs
D.) Psychometric assessment of cognitive abilities

Answer 3

B.) Subjective self-assessment of patient’s mood state

Question 4

When assessing the response to antidepressant therapies using instruments such as the Hamiliton Depression Rating Scale, what percentage score improvement is considered good evidence of a meaningful response?
A.) 50%
B.) 10%
C.) 75%
D.) 25%

Answer 4

A.) 50%

Question 5

Human clinical studies of kava have tested extracts with varying amounts of active constituents; what is the highest percentage content of actives tested?
A.) 50%
B.) 70%
C.) 30%
D.) 15%

Answer 5

B.) 70%

Question 6

All of the following measures except one were affected in human studies of the effects of lavender. Which measure was not assessed?
A.) Decline in EEG potentials that correlate with vigilance and alertness
B.) Self-rated sedation
C.) Increased “happiness” based on autonomic nervous system responses
D.) Reductions in blood markers of the stress response
E.) More relaxed and less depressed self-rated mood

Answer 6

D.) Reductions in blood markers of the stress response

Question 7

How does hawthorne extract differ pharmacologically from cardiac glycosides such as digitalis?
A.) Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet proarrhythmic
B.) Hawthorne is negatively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
C.) Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic
D.) Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet proarrhythmic

Answer 7

C.) Hawthorne is positively inotropic yet antiarrhythmic

Question 8

All but one of the following herbs is a source of digitaloids that are not recommended for phytotherapeutic use due to their pharmacokinetic and other shortcomings. Which one?
A.) False hellbore
B.) Lily-of-the-valley
C.) Oleander
D.) Foxglove

Answer 8

D.) Foxglove

Question 9

What is the correct description of the extraction method used to produce WS 1442, the hawthorne extract used in many clinical studies of heart failure?
A.) Alcohol only extraction
B.) Water and alcohol extraction
C.) Water only extraction
D.) Essential oil derived by steam distillation

Answer 9

B.) Water and alcohol extraction

Question 10

While human trials of patients with cirrhosis of the liver have found silymarin treatment provides supportive benefits, improved survival rates have never been demonstrated.
A.) True
B.) False

Answer 10

B.) False

Question 11

The 2008 Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment Against Cirrhosis (HALT-C) study found that hepatitis C patients who used silymarin had which TWO of the following positive results?
A.) Better quality of life
B.) Milder symptoms of liver disease
C.) Reduced liver inflammation
D.) Reduced virus activity

Answer 11

A.) Better quality of life

B.) Milder symptoms of liver disease

Question 12

All of the following mechanisms, except one, have been demonstrated for saw palmetto extracts. Which one has NOT been demonstrated for saw palmetto extracts?
A.) Anti-inflammatory effects
B.) Inhibition of 5-alpha reductase enzyme
C.) Reduce blood prolactin levels
D.) Inhibit prostatic aromatase

Answer 12

D.) Inhibit prostatic aromatase

Question 13

All of the following mechanisms, except one, have been identified for nettle extracts. Which one is NOT a mechanism for nettle extracts?
A.) Inhibit prostatic aromatase
B.) Anti-inflammatory effects
C.) Reduce blood prolactin levels
D.) Inhibition of 5-alpha reductase enzyme

Answer 13

C.) Reduce blood prolactin levels

Question 14

Two of the following mechanisms have been demonstrated for pygeum extracts, one has not. Which one has NOT been demonstrated for pygeum extracts?
A.) Inhibition of 5-alpha reductase enzyme
B.) Inhibition of aromatase enzyme activity
C.) Interactions with sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

Answer 14

C.) Interactions with sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)

Question 15

Which two preparations of Echinacea were approved by German Commission E?
A.) Alcohol extracts of the root of E. pallida
B.) Alcohol extracts of the root of E. purpurea
C.) Expressed juices of the aerial parts of E. purpurea
D.) Expressed juices of the aerial parts of E. pallida

Answer 15

A.) Alcohol extracts of the root of E. pallida

C.) Expressed juices of the aerial parts of E. purpurea

Question 16

All of the following side effects have been reported for ginseng. According to NCCAM, which group may have been due to another herb or drug in the ginseng product?
A.) Allergic reactions
B.) Headaches and sleep and gastrointestinal problems
C.) Lower levels of blood sugar in diabetics
D.) Breast tenderness, menstrual irregularities, and high blood pressure

Answer 16

D.) Breast tenderness, menstrual irregularities, and high blood pressure

Question 17

In an English study that randomized subjects with respiratory infections to treatment with antibiotics or no treatment, what determining factor predicted which patients recovered faster?
A.) Whether they remembered to take their antibiotics
B.) Whether they were in the group treated with antibiotics
C.) Whether they were satisfied with their interaction with the doctor
D.) Whether they took a stronger antibiotic

Answer 17

C.) Whether they were satisfied with their interaction with the doctor

Question 18

Research on the pain-relieving efficacy of willow bark proves that virtually all of the effect is due to the salicylate content of the herb.
A.) True
B.) False

Answer 18

B.) False

Question 19

Which plant part(s) of petasides hybridus was first used for an extract called Ze 339, developed to treat allergic rhinitis?
A.) Root and leaf
B.) Leaf
C.) Root
D.) Entire plant

Answer 19

B.) Leaf

Question 20

Indicate which one of the clinical conditions listed that has NOT responded to treatment with ivy extract in controlled trials, according to our text.
A.) Bronchial asthma in children
B.) Chronic obstructive bronchitis in adults
C.) Respiratory infections in children
D.) Chronic obstructive bronchitis in children

Answer 20

C.) Respiratory infections in children

Question 21

Which two of the following botanicals can contain potentially toxic pyrrolizidines?
A.) Butterbur
B.) Coltsfoot
C.) Mallow
D.) Plantain

Answer 21

A.) Butterbur

B.) Coltsfoot