560 F NUTRITIONAL THERAPEUTICS Flashcards by Sara Gibbons

Which two amino acids have been shown to lower high blood pressure?
A. Arginine and Taurine
B. Glutamine and Glycine
C. Glycine and Taurine
D. Aspartate and Arginine

A. Arginine and Taurine

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What amino acid will enhance the anti-hypertensive effects of magnesium?
A. Gly
B. Glu
C. Tau
D. His

D. Tau

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A 40 year old male has hypertension and an elevated homocysteine level. His folate and vitamin B12 levels are normal. What nutrient is he most likely deficient in?
A. B1
B. Pantothenic Acid (B5)
C. Biotin
D. B6

D. B6

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Which nutrient facilitates the transport of FAs across the mitochondrial membrane and plays an essential role in CHF?
A. D-ribose
B. Magnesium
C. CoQ10
D. Carnitine

D. Carnitine

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If a client had an iron deficiency, what would you see on their lab report?
A. High Hgb/High MCV
B. Low Hgb/High MCV
C. Low MCV/High ferritin
D. Low MCV/Low ferritin

D. Low MCV/Low Ferritin

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Which of the following about lipoproteins is not significantly affected by diet and exercise?
A. Apolipoprotein B
B. Lipoprotein (a)
C. HDL
D. LDL particle size

B. Lipoprotein (a)

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A client presents to your office with hypertension. He is currently on a beta-blocker and taking magnesium. He has a diet relatively high in sodium. What additional nutrient would you suggest may help?
A. Ca
B. Cu
C. K+
D. Se

C. K+

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Which of the following nutrient deficiencies is caused by statin medications?
A. CoQ10
B. Ca
C. Vit. A
D. Mg

A. CoQ10

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What is the optimal dosage of gamma and delta tocotrienols to reduce serum lipids?
A. 750mg
B. 125mg
C. 250mg
D. 500mg

C. 250mg

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Wich heavy metal is not associated with hypertension?
A. Pb
B. Cad
C. Al
D. Hg

C. Aluminum

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What would not be the appropriate follow-up test for macrocytic anemia?
A. MMA
B. B12
C. Ferritin
D. Folate

C. Ferritin

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What nutrient recommendation would not be suggested for a client with congestive heart failure?
A. Increased Mg
B. Decreased K+
C. Increased B1
D. Avoid salt

B. Decreased K+

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What energy nutrient is essential for a client with CHF?
A. CoQ10
B. Glutamine
C. B2
D. B5

A. CoQ10

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Which type of food antibody testing detects delayed food reactions?
A. IgM
B. IgG
C. IgE
D. IgD

C. IgG

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Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with what elevated lab marker?
A. Thyroxine binding globulin
B. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin
C. Thyroid peroxidase antibody
D. Triiodothyronine

C. Thyroid peroxidase antibody

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A client presents to your office with stool test results and her elastase marker is low. What nutritional support would you recommend?
A. Digestive enzymes
B. Betaine HCL
C. S. boulardii
D. Glutamine

A. Digestive enzymes

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Which is not a dietary recommendation for dyslipidemia?
A. Reduce or eliminate refined carbohydrate intake
B. Anti-inflammatory diet
C. Avoid hydrogenated vegetable oils
D. High fiber diet
E. Avoid garlic

E. Avoid garlic

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Which nutrient can bind to a T-cell receptor and dampen the immune response?
A. Quercetin
B. N-acetyl-cysteine
C. N-acetyle-glucosamine
D. Zinc carnosine

C. N-acetyle-glucosamine

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Which nutrient recommendations would you make for someone on a proton pump inhibitor?
A. B12 and Mg
B. Betaine HCL
C. Goldenseal
D. Ginger

A. B12 and Mg

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Which vitamin plays a role in autoimmunity by its impact on balancing Th1 and Th2?
A. D
B. Iodine
C. A
D. Zinc

A. D

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A client received back stool panel results from her doctor and has a low secretory IgA. What nutrient will not increase SIgA?
A. Colostrum
B. Glutamine
C. Proteolytic enzymes
D. S. boulardii

C. Proteolytic enzymes

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What protein regulates the permeability of the intestine?
A. Lipopolysaccharides
B. Zonulin
C. Calprotectin
D. Occludin

B. Zonulin

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Which is not one of the Rome III criteria for IBD?
A. Onset associated with a change in form/appearance of stool
B. Changes between constipation/diarrhea for at least 3mo
C. Improvement with defecation
D. Onset associated with a change in frequency of stool

B. Changes between constipation/diarrhea for at least 3mo

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SIBO occurs in approx. what percentage of IBS individuals?
A. 60%
B. 10%
C. 30%
D. 50%

B.10%

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``` Bacteria associated with ulceration? A. Proteus mirabilus B. Klebsiella pneumonia C. H. pylori D. E. coli ```

C. H. Pylori

``` What is the best test to assess iodine insufficiency? A. Serum iodine B. 24-hr urine collection C. Hair iodine D. Plasma iodine ```

B. 24-hour urine collection

``` Nutrient contraindicated for an individual with a peptic ulcer? A. Zinc carnosine B. Aloe vera C. DGL D. Betaine HCL ```

D. Betaine HCL

``` Which of the following will not increase the beneficial bacteria in the GI tract? A. Glutamine B. Butyrate C. Prebiotics D. Fiber ```

A. Glutamine

``` Bacteria associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis? A. Pseudomonas spp. B. Difficile C. Yersenia enterocolitica D. E. coli ```

C. Yersenia enterocolitica

``` What is the most common allergenic food causing atopic dermatitis in infants? A. Cow's milk B. Peanut C. Shellfish D. Tree nuts ```

A. Cow's milk

``` Which nutrient is found in raw cabbage and has been shown to help heal peptic ulcers? A. DGL B. Mastic gum C. Zinc carnosime D. Methylmethionesulfonium ```

D. Methymethioninesulfonium

``` What is the dose of selenium shown in most human research studies? A. 800 mcg B. 200 mcg C. 100 mcg D. 400 mcg ```

B. 200 mcg

``` What nutrient would be most likely to cause constipation? A. Niacin B. C C. Ca D. Mg ```

C. Ca

``` Which is not true of butyrate? A. It has been shown to exacerbate IBD B. It is produced by bacterial fermentation of undigested fiber C. It is a SCFA D. A natural food source is butter ```

A. It has been shown to exacerbate IBD

``` BMI is: A. Weight (kg)/Height (m)^2 B. Height (m)^2/Weight (kg) C. Height (m)/Weight (kg)^2 D. Weight (kg)^2/Height (m) ```

A. Weight (kg)/Height (m)^2

``` Which cooking method will produce the least AGEs? A. Boil B. Broil C. Grill D. Fry ```

A. Boil

``` A client's lab results with kidney stones show an elevated serum calcium level. What follow-up lab would you recommend? A. PTH B. TSH C. Cortisol D. DHEA sulfate ```

A. PTH

``` _____ 5-HTP has been implicated in IBS-D, and _____ 5-HTP has been implicated in IBS-C. A. Reduced, increased B. Increased, reduced C. Increased, increased D. Reduced, reduced ```

B. Increased, reduced

What can alter serotonin reuptake lead to in the gut?

Alterations in visceral motility, secretion, and sensation

What is the most sensitive test for celiac disease? (Tissue…)

IgA tTGA (tissue transglutaminase antibodies)

``` Which criteria is not true for metabolic syndrome? A. HDL >50mg/dl B. Fasting glucose >100mg/dl C. BP >130/85 mmHg D. TG >150mg/dl ```

A. HDL >50mg/dl

``` Which botanical acts as a hypoglycemic agent and an antimicrobial? A. Berberine B. Bitter melon C. Cinnamon D. Fennugreek ```

A. Berberine

``` What is the most common studied dosage of melatonin? A. 3 mg B. 1 mg C. 6 mg D. 5 mg ```

A. 3 mg

What is the most common type of kidney stone? A. Calcium Oxalate B. Calcium Phosphate C. Cysteine D. Magnesium Oxalate

A. Calcium Oxalate

``` What is the most common type of kidney stone? A. Calcium Oxalate B. Calcium Phosphate C. Cysteine D. Magnesium Oxalate ```

A. Calcium Oxalate

``` What HbA1c level is prediabetic? A. 5.8% B. 6.5% C. 5.6% D. 8.1% ```

A. 5.8%

``` Which botanical contains a constituent called apigenin which binds to central benzodiazepine receptors causing anti-anciolytic effects? A. Passionflower B. Lemon Balm C. Valerian Root D. Ashwaghanda ```

A. Passionflower

``` Which B vitamin supports overall relaxation and helps maintain the proper metabolism of serotonin? A. Inositol B. Folate C. Vitamin B12 D. Niacin ```

A. Inositol

``` What nutrient has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity by 20-30%? A. Alpha lipoic acid B. Vitamin B12 C. Carnitine D. CoQ10 ```

A. Alpha lipoic acid

The pathophysiology of acne encompasses all of the following except: A. Decreased sebum production by sebacious glands B. Abnormal hyperkeratinization in the hair follicle lumen C. Inflammation D. Overgrowth of propionobacterium acnes

A. Decreased sebum production by sebacious glands

``` Which brain nutrient should only be used to support sleep if the client has elevated cortisol? A. Phosphatidylserine B. Phosphatidylcholine C. GABA D. 5-HTP ```

A. Phosphatidylserine

``` Which B vitamin is used during insulin signal transduction? A. Inositol B. Folate C. Vitamin B12 D. Niacin ```

A. Inositol

``` What fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of type II diabetes? A.130 mg/dl B.105 mg/dl C.125 mg/dl D.110 mg/dl ```

A. 130 mg/dl

``` Obesity is defined by a BMI: A. >30 B. >20 C. >25 D. >35 ```

A. >30

``` Which nutrient is a bronchodilator? A. Mg B. Ca C. Zn D. Se ```

A. Mg

What is the most common self-identified trigger for migraines?

Stress

``` Which amino acid has been shown to reduce stress and improve sleep quality? A. L-theanine B. L-tyrosine C. L-glutamine D. L-lysine ```

A. L-theanine

``` Which nutrient improves 2/16 hydroxyesterone ratio? A. NAC B. Calcium D Glucarate C. DIM D. Fish oil ```

C. DIM

``` What hormone stimulates the release of calcium from bone by an increase in osteoclastic activity? A. PTH B. Estrogen C. DHEA D. TSH ```

A. PTH

``` Which nutrient is contraindicated for individuals on coumadin? A. D B. Mg C. K1 D. Zn ```

C. K1

What form of vitamin B3 has been used as therapy for osteoarthritis? A. Niacinamide B. Nicotinic acid C. Inositol hexanicotinate

A. Niacinamide

``` Which estrogen metabolite has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer? A. 2-hydroxyesterone B. Androsterone C. 16-hydroxyesterone D. Etiocholanolone ```

C. 16-hydroxyesterone

``` Which botanical is a mast cell stabilizer and controls the release of histamine? A. Reservatrol B. Quercetin C. EGCg D. Curcumin ```

B. Quercetin

``` Which botanical is a phytoestrogen and has demonstrated significant reduction in hot flashes? A. Flavocoxid B. Genistein C. Berberine D. Quercetin ```

B. Genistein

``` What does a certificate of analysis NOT show? A. Method B. Specifications C. Heavy metal testing D. Analytical testing results ```

C. Heavy metal testing

``` What tocotrienol isomer has demonstrated the significant cytotoxic effect on human cancer cells? A. Delta B. Alpha C. Beta D. Gamma ```

A. Delta

``` Which nutrient is necessary for angiogenesis? A. Se B. Mo C. Cu D. Zn ```

C. Cu

Which nutrient's mechanism of action is as an analgesic for osteoarthritis? A. C B. Fish oil C. SAMe

SAMe

``` Which is not required to be on a dietary supplement label? A. Amount B. Source of ingredient(s) C. Name of manufacturer D. Ingredient list ```

B. Source of ingredient(s)

``` What is not a risk factor for osteoporosis? A. Onset of menopause B. Obesity C. Smoking D. Glucocorticoid use ```

B. Obesity

``` Which form of nutrients has poor bioavailability? A. Malate B. Citrate C. Glycinate D. Oxide ```

D. Oxide

``` What vitamin has a natural suppression on prolactin? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin B6 C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin D ```

B. B6

``` Fibrocystic breast disease is associated with an increase in what hormone? A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. pregnelone D. Testosterone ```

Estrogen

``` Which is not a mechanism of action of vitamin C for osteoarthritis? A. Increase proteoglycan synthesis B. Increase collagen synthesis C. Decrease collagen degredation D. Analgesic ```

D. Analgesic

``` What does cGMP stand for? A. Current Good Manufacturing Practices B. Correct Good Manufacturing Practices C. Current Good Manufacturing Practices D. Correct Good Manufacturing Procedures ```

A. Current Good Manufacturing Practices

``` Which of the following would not be used to support detoxification pathways? A. NAC B. Quercetin C. Sulphoraphane D. EGCg ```

B. Quercetin

``` What nutrient significantly inhibits carbohydrate-mediated tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis by its effects on Galecton 3 proteins? A. EGCg B. Quercetin C. Curcumin D. Modified citrus pectin ```

D. Modified citrus pectin

The herb reported useful in the treatment of psoriasis is? a. Silymarin b. Dandelion root c. Ginkgo Biloba d. Siberian Ginseng e. None of the above

a. Silymarin

Foods that should be recommended for those with hypertension include? a. Celery b. Garlic c. Caffeinated coffee d. A & B e. All of the above

d. A & B

A man comes to see you with Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy. What are the primary recommendations you would make? a. Zinc according to results on zinc challenge test b. Allow protein diet (approximately 10%) c. Saw palmetto extract d. A& C e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Natural agents that have proven activity against candida albicans includes: a. Garlic b. Oil of Oregano c. Citrus Aurantium d. A& B e. All of the above

d. A& B

The nutrient found to be deficient in a large percentage of the American population and particularly in those who die from a heart attack is: a. Magnesium b. Potassium c. CoQ10 d. Vitamin C e. Vitamin E

a. Magnesium

``` A client presents to your office seeking nutritional support for his elevated cholesterol. He is currently taking 200 mg of CoQ10 but still complains of muscle pain. What other nutrient would you assess for a possible deficiency? A. Vitamin B12 B. Vitamin D C. Folate D. Vitamin B6 ```

B. Vitamin D

``` The body regulates iron through the ________________. A. Spleen B. Kidney C. Liver D. Gastrointestinal tract ```

D. Gastrointestinal tract

``` A 36 year old female labs reveal a low Hgb 11.8, a low transferrin saturation 18%, and an elevated Ferritin at 124. She has a regular menstrual cycle. What is cause of anemia? A. Inflammation B. Iron deficiency and Inflammation C. Heavy menstrual bleeding D. Iron deficiency ```

A. Inflammation

``` What nutrient will increase the absorption of iron? A. Magnesium B. Calcium C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin D ```

C. Vitamin C

``` What hormone has been found to be low in individuals with GERD and helps eliminate H. pylori? A. Cortisol B. Pregnenolone C. DHEA D. Melatonin ```

D. Melatonin

Which of the following is not recommended for an individual with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? A. Low FODMAP diet B. High-fat diet C. Eliminate artificial sweeteners D. Eliminate or restrict carbonated beverages

B. High-fat diet

``` Although most food allergies are outgrown in late childhood, the occurrence of atopic dermatitis predisposes individuals to: A. Inflammatory bowel disease B. Dysbiosis C. Celiac disease D. Asthma and allergic rhinitis ```

D. Asthma and allergic rhinitis

``` Which is not part of the REMOVE phase for a GI 4-R program? A. Remove food sensitivities B. Glutamine C. Oil of Oregano D. Garlic ```

B. Glutamine

``` According to a 2012 study in the Journal of Immunology, at what vitamin D level was the highest degree of inflammatory inhibition seen? A. 70 ng/ml B. 50 ng/ml C. 15 ng/ml D. 30 ng/ml ```

B. 50 ng/ml

``` Which botanical is an analog to metformin? A. Berberine B. Bitter melon C. Cinnamon D. Fenugreek ```

A. Berberine

``` What B vitamin has been shown to decrease migraine frequency in half? A. Riboflavin B. Thiamin C. Pantothenic acid D. Biotin ```

A. Riboflavin

``` Which is not true of Metformin? A. Decreases homocysteine levels B. Decreases folate C. Decreases vitamin B12 D. Increases homocysteine ```

A. Decreases homocysteine levels

Which of the following is not true regarding fatty acids and cardiac arrhythmias? A. 1 gram/d of fish lowers mortality following a myocardial infarction B. Omega-3 fatty acids increase lipid packing in cell membranes affecting ion channels C. Trans fatty acids are proarrhythmic D. Omega-3 fatty acids are antiarrhythmic

B. Omega-3 fatty acids increase lipid packing in cell membranes affecting ion channels

Which of the following is not true in reference to vitamin D and hypertension? A. Vitamin D increases nitric oxide B. Vitamin D increases vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy C. Vitamin D suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokines D. The lower the vitamin D level, the greater the risk of hypertension

B. Vitamin D increases vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy

``` Which probiotics strains should be avoided in a patient with an elevated urinary D-lactate organic acid? A. Bifidobacter B. Bacillus C. S. boulardii D. Lactobacillus ```

D. Lactobacillus

``` Too much of what nutrient can trigger thyroid autoimmunity? A. Selenium B. Tyrosine C. Zinc D. Iodine ```

D. Iodine

``` Which of the following declines significantly with age an often associated with sleep difficulties? A. Melatonin B. 5-HTP C. Tryptophan D. Inositol ```

A. Melatonin

``` Which botanical increases insulin sensitivity but also has a modest effect on lipid metabolism? A. Berberine B. Bitter melon C. Cinnamon D. Fenugreek ```

A. Berberine

``` Which biomarker measures protein loss through the kidney and used to assess the degree of renal damage? A. Albumin B. Glomerular filtration rate C. Creatine D. BUN ```

A. Albumin

``` Which biomarker measures protein loss through the kidney and used to assess the degree of renal damage? A. Albumin B. Glomerular filtration rate C. Creatine D. BUN ```

A. Albumin

``` What would be the best nutrient to recommend to a client with elevated triglycerides? A. Fish Oil B. Curcumin C. Epigallocatechin Gallate D. Garlic ```

A. Fish Oil

``` What urinary organic acid would you expect to see high with a client on L-dopa medication? A. 5-Hydroxindoleacetate B. Homovanillate C. Malate D. Suberate ```

B. Homovanillate

``` What nutrient found in watermelon, grapefruit, and guava is associated with lower plasma PSA levels? A. Lycopene B. Indole-3-carbinol C. Pomegranate D. Sulforaphane ```

A. Lycopene

``` What nutrient does not assist the liver in the detoxification of estrogen? A. Folate B. DIM C. Sulforaphane D. Calcium D-Glucarate ```

A. Folate

``` What nutrient decreases dihydrotestosterone (DHT)? A. Indole-3 carbinol B. Pomegranate C. Saw Palmetto D. Sulforaphane ```

C. Saw Palmetto

``` Which vegetable has natural anti-hypertensive properties and acts as both vasodilator and a diuretic? A. Celery B. Cucumber C. Kale D. Garlic ```

A. Celery

``` Which Omega-3 fatty acid has the strongest effect on lowering heart rate? A. DHA B. EPA C. DPA D. ALA ```

A. DHA

``` Which of the following reduces inflammation by inhibiting NF-kappaB? A. Vitamin E B. Sulfuraphane C. Curcumin D. Green Tea ```

C. Curcumin

``` Which nutritional recommendation is NOT advised for patients with congestive heart failure? A. Drink plenty of fluids B. Avoid salt C. Avoid processed sugars D. Increase vitamin B1 intake ```

A. Drink plenty of fluids

``` Which nutrient would be most appropriate to address fatigue secondary to chemotherapy? A. Glutamine B. Ginger C. L-carnitine D. Calendula ```

C. L-carnitine

``` Which nutrient has an inhibitory effect on iron absorption? A. Calcium B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin B12 ```

A. Calcium

``` Which nutrient decreases the intestinal absorption of cholesterol? A. Plant sterols B. Red Yeast Rice C. Niacin D. Curcumin ```

A. Plant sterols

``` Which essential fatty acid would be least beneficial for a client with uterine fibroids? A. Borage Oil B. Olive Oil C. Black Current Seed Oil D. Evening Primrose Oil ```

B. Olive Oil

``` What genetic polymorphism has been associated with migraine headaches? A. CBS B. VDR C. COMP D. MTHFR ```

D. MTHFR

What is the most likely reason a higher serum ALA is associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer? A. Higher serum omega-3 fatty acids are associated with an increased cancer risk B. The client is on a vegetarian diet C. Delta-6-Desaturase enzyme may have increased enzyme activity D. No answer text provided

B. The client is on a vegetarian diet

``` What form of magnesium crosses the blood-brain barrier and has been shown to be beneficial in individuals with neurodegenerative conditions? A. Magnesium Glycinate B. Magnesium L-threonate C. Magnesium Malate D. Magnesium Citrate ```

B. Magnesium L-threonate

``` A vegetarian with congestive heart failure is most likely deficient in which nutrient? A. Carnitine B. Arginine C. Omega 3 fatty acids D. Folate ```

A. Carnitine

``` osteoarthritis is caused by: A. initial trauma or microtrauma B. heat intolerance C. vitamin K deficiency D. Elevated ANA ```

A. initial trauma or microtrauma

``` Male infertility if diagnosed by two semen analysis of the following: A. All of these B. Sperm count C. sperm morphology D. Sperm mobility ```

A. All of these

``` Targeted lab assessment for an osteoporosis client should include all of the following except: A. zonulin B. undercarboxylated Osteocalcin (ucOC) C. CBC/chem panel/Inflammatory markers D. Vitamin D Profile ```

A. zonulin

``` Fibromyalgia causes all of the following except: A. RA B. widespread pain C. Sleep disturbances D. Chronic fatigue ```

A. RA

CONVENTIONAL osteoarthritis treatment is focused on: A. Partially and temporarily relieving symptoms B. Weight bearing exercise C. Nutritional interventions D. Meditation

A. Partially and temporarily relieving symptoms

Probiotics should be employed: A. When I am confident that the GI terrain is ready for them B. At the first session with the client C. During the remove phase D. When a client tells me they are bloated

A. When I am confident that the GI terrain is ready for them

``` A client with fibromyalgia is having sleep disturbances and complains of restless leg syndrome. What would be the best follow up lab test? A. Ferritin B Vitamin B12 C. Folate D. homocysteine ```

A. Ferritin

``` What does "S" stand for in the SHINE protocol for treatment of fibromyalgia? A. Sleep B. Serotonin C. Selenium D. Sensitization ```

A. Sleep

``` All of these are risk factors for osteoporosis except? A. Healthy Diet B. smoking/alcohol C. glucocorticoid use D. onset of menopause ```

A. Healthy Diet

``` the majority of male infertility is caused by: A. Low sperm count or sperm damage B. Projesterone deficiency C. Erectile dysfunction D. None of these ```

A. Low sperm count or sperm damage

``` Which nutrient is a rich source of polyphenols with a higher antioxidant activity than green tea and has an antiproliferative effect against prostate cancer cells? A. Pomegranate B. Tomatoes C. Potatoes D. Plant Sterols ```

A. Pomegranate

``` Which lab test is used to monitor diabetic patients and provides a snapshot of the client's blood sugar processing over the past 3 months? A. HbA1c B. Fasting glucose C. Fasting insulin D. peptide ```

A. HbA1c

osteroarthritis interventions should include: A. All of these B. anti inflammatory diet C. Omega 3 FAs and anti inflammatory supplements D. Fruits and Vegetables

A. All of these

Which is not true about saccharoymes boulardii? A. It makes up part of the commensal bacteria in the GI tract B. Protects the GI lining during antibiotic use C. It is a nonpathogenic probiotic yeast D. Increases secretory IgA

A. It makes up part of the commensal bacteria in the GI tract

``` What nutrient recommendations would you make for someone on a PPI? A. ginger B. Goldenseal C. vitamine B12 and Mg D. betaine HCL ```

C. vitamine B12 and Mg

``` What stool marker would be the most effective for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease? A. Calprotectin B. Hs-CRP C. SIgA D. EPX ```

A. Calprotectin

``` Obesity if defined by a BMI A. >30 B. >20 C. >25 D. >35 ```

A. >30

``` Which nutrient is rich in avocado and has been found to improve working memory and cognition? A. lutein B. carotene C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin E ```

A. lutein

Which is not true of artificial sweeteners (ie Sucralose)? A. increases the abundance and diversity of the beneficial bacteria in the GI Tract B. alters insulin C. induces glucose intolerance D. alters glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels

A. increases the abundance and diversity of the beneficial bacteria in the GI Tract

``` Which is not a symptom of hypoglycemia? A. polyuria B. Headache C. sweating D. dizziness ```

A. polyuria

``` Which area of the brain is affected in Parkinson's Disease? A. substantia nigra B. Red nucleus C. hypothalamus D. Spinal cord ```

A. substantia nigra

``` Which nutrient transports fatty acids to the inner mitochondria for fat oxidation? A. Carnitine B. Niacin C. pantothenic Acid D. magnesium ```

A. Carnitine

``` Which virus has been associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's Disease? A. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 B. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 C. Epstein Barr Virus D. Herpes Zoster ```

A. Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

``` What nutrient deficiency has been associated with worsening of mobility in Parkinson's disease patients? A. B12 B. Folate C. B6 D. B2 ```

A. B12

``` Which botanical is not helpful for menopause? A. Black cohosh B. Dong quai C. Red clover D. Chasteberry ```

B. Dong quai

``` What does not relax the uterine muscle in dysmenorrhea? A. Cramp bark B. Wild yam C. Ginger D. Raspberry leaf ```

C. Ginger

``` What is not a symptom of insulin resistance/diabetes? A. Fatigue B. Excessive thirst C. Increased libido D. Frequent urination E. Numbness and tingling of feet F. Unexplained weight loss ```

C. Increased libido