560 A, B, D Flashcards
Copper deficiency can lead to reduced activity of dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBM), which converts dopamine -> norepinephrine. Hence, in copper deficiency you can find elevated urinary ____(a)____ and reduced urinary ____(b)_____ .
- ) (a) VMA, (b) HVA
- ) (a) HVA, (b) 5HIAA
- ) (a) 5HIAA, (b) VMA
- ) (a) HVA, (b) VMA
4.) (a) HVA, (b) VMA
Match the pathways of alcohol degradation with the appropriate enzyme.
- ) ethanol + NAD+ -> acetaldehyde + NADH
- ) acetaldehyde + NAD+ -> acetate + NADH
- ) ethanol + NADPH -> acetaldehyde + NADP+
alcohol dehydrogenase
cytochrome P450 CYP2E1
aldehyde dehydrogenase
1.) ethanol + NAD+ -> acetaldehyde + NADH
uses alcohol dehydrogenase
- ) acetaldehyde + NAD+ -> acetate + NADH uses aldehyde dehydrogenase
- ) ethanol + NADPH -> acetaldehyde + NADP+ uses cytochrome P450 CYP2E1
Homogentisate (HGA) may be elevated in urine from excess supplementation of the amino acid ______________.
- ) Cysteine
- ) Methionine
- ) Tyrosine
- ) Tryptophan
3.) Tyrosine
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is a folded up throughout the organelle because
It results in a greater surface area for ATP synthesis
Select the correct answer:
A. Fructose absorption is not energy requiring.
B. Fructose-6-P is the major fuel source for the liver.
C. Affinity of glucokinase is 20 times greater for glucose than for fructose
D. Fructose is converted into galactose in order to enter glycolysis.
C. Affinity of glucokinase is 20 times greater for glucose than for fructose
Proteases catalyze ______.
Hydrolysis
Match
Hydroxyl Radical Intracellular water: Glutathione reduced: Glutathione oxidized: Electron transport chain:
Fenton reaction Disulfide bond Internal cellular respiration Antioxidant High energy radiation damage
Hydroxyl Radical: Fenton reaction
Intracellular water: high energy radiation damage
Glutathione reduced: Antioxidant
Glutathione oxidized: disulfide bond
Electron transport chain: Internal cellular respiration
What happens during beta oxidation? Hint fatty acids
Fatty acids are converted into acetyl CoA
In _______ inhibition, the inhibitor binds only to the ES (substrate) complex.
Noncompetitive
Select the INCORRECT statement about the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism:
A. High insulin levels favors high glucose production from gluconeogenesis or from gylcogen breakdown.
B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is deactivated by high ATP levels.
C. Glucokinase and pyruvate kinanse are the two enzymes that drive glycolysis and are activated by insulin.
D. Oxaloacetate can not cross the mitochondrial membrane.
A. High insulin levels favors high glucose production from gluconeogenesis or from gylcogen breakdown.
Carbonic anhydrase require what metal ion?
Zinc
Which enzyme does ATP inhibit? Hint p
Phosphofructokinase
The tertiary structure of a protein: A. Is composed of many secondary units B. Is a sequence of amino acids C. Polypeptide chains assembled into multisubunit structures D. Do not contain a helix and B sheets
A. Is composed of many secondary units
Regarding enzymes:
A. the activity of the enzyme can be affected by what’s associated with its domains
B. lyases catalyze the formation of bonds, such as C-O and C-S, accompanied by the use of ATP
C. enzymes alter the equilibrium of a reaction
D. allosteric enzymes show a hyperbolic-shape curve
E. all of the above are true
A. the activity of the enzyme can be affected by what’s associated with its domains
Myoglobin shows which kind of structure? A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Quaternary
C. Tertiary
True/False: protein phosphatases can remove phosphate groups from enzymes.
True
True/False: Internal respiration centers on the fact that oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport system.
True
True/False: The electron transport system is located within the mitochondrial matrix.
False; it is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate strongly stimulates phosphofructokinase and inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. Hence, _____ is accelerated and _____ is diminished in the fed state.
Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis
True/false: The covalent regulation of both glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase depends upon their respective states of phosphorylation.
True
Which pathway does ATP inhibit?
Glycolysis
Which enzyme does ADP activate? Which enzyme does ADP activate?
Phosphofructokinase
What does HMP stand for (1) and what are its other names (2)? What is its purpose (3)? Does it lead to the formation of ATP? If not, what is its function (4)?
1) Hexose-monophosphate pathway
2) Pentose phosphate pathway
3) Alternative route for the metabolism of glucose
4) Formation of NADPH for synthesis of fatty acids and steroids, and the formation of ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide and nucleic acid formation
What is TPP? Which pathways is it involved in?
1) Thiamine Pyrophosphate
2) Citric Acid Cycle and Pentose Phosphate Pathway