560I FUNC MED NUTRITION Flashcards
When very low erythrocyte magnesium is found, the patient is likely to have what other type of insufficiency? A.) Selenium B.) Iron C.) Glutathione D.) Vitamin
C
Which of the following is a good test for copper excess?
A.) RBC Cu
B.) Urinary copper
C.) Low serum copper to ceruloplasmin ratio
D.) Urinary HVA/VMA ratio
B.) Urinary copper
What element has been shown to protect from the toxic effects of mercury? A.) Copper B.) Selenium C.) Zinc D.) Magnesium
B.) Selenium
What effect does delayed specimen transport have on relative levels of glutamate and glutamine?
A.) The levels are stable for at least one week.
B.) Glutamine is consumed by enzymes in plasma
C.) Glutamate decreases due to changes in pH
D.) Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate
D.) Glutamine is slowly hydrolyzed to glutamate
Which amino acid, when administered as a challenge for testing status of a vitamin, helps to alleviate one of the effects of deficiency of the vitamin? A.) Tryptophan B.) Phenylalanine C.) Histidine D.) Isoleucine
C.) Histidine
The principal advantage of free form amino acid supplements over purified protein products is
A.) Lower risk of producing nitrogen overload
B.) Greater penetration into distal regions of the gut lumen C.) More rapid delivery of amino acids into peripheral blood D.) Lower risk of gall bladder attacks due to release of cholegogues
C.) More rapid delivery of amino acids into peripheral blood
Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates that a patient is in general essential fatty acid deficiency?
A.) Elevated stearic/oleic ratio
B.) Low ALA, EPA, DHA and high stearic acid
C.) Low Mead and palmitic acids
D.) Low omega 3 and omega 6 with elevated Mead acid
D.) Low omega 3 and omega 6 with elevated Mead acid
Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, indicates that a patient is in omega-3 fatty acid deficiency? A.) Low stearic/oleic ratio B.) Low ALA and EPA C.) Low LA, DGLA and AA D.) High palmitic/palmitoleic ratio
B.) Low ALA and EPA
Which abnormality pattern, when found on a plasma fatty acid report, suggests that a patient may be hypertriglyceridemic?
A.) An elevated triene/tetraene ratio
B.) Low levels for all omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids
C.) All saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids found in their 4th or 5th quintiles
D.) A low triene/tetraene ratio
C.) All saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids found in their 4th or 5th quintiles
Finding multiple odd-chain fatty acids in erythrocytes means that there is some process causing elevated levels of which compound? A.) Stearate B.) Fumarate C.) Erucate D.) Propionate
D.) Propionate
Which fatty acid source is appropriate for treatment of a patient with ALA and EPA in their upper quintiles and with LA and GLA in their first deciles? A.) Flax oil B.) Primrose oil C.) Fish oil D.) Corn oil
B.) Primrose oil
What is the common name for the fatty acid written as 20:4n6? A.) Arachidonic acid B.) GLA C.) EPA D.) Linoleic acid
A
Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of carnitine deficiency? A.) Adipate B.) Citrate C.) Orotate D.) Kynurenate
A.) Adipate
Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a result of Coenzyme Q10 deficiency? A.) Vanilmandelate B.) Succinate C.) Pyroglutamate D.) D-Lactate
B.) Succinate
Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated as a direct result of biotin deficiency? A.) Alpha Ketoglutarate B.) Beta-hydroxyisovalerate C.) Alpha keto-B-methylvalerate D.) Alpha ketoisovalerate
B.) Beta-hydroxyisovalerate
Elevation of which of the following urinary organic acids indicates that a patient has increased turnover of epinephrine? A.) Homovanillate B.) Vanilmandelate C.) Kynurenate D.) Hippurate
B.) Vanilmandelate
Which of the following is a urinary organic acid that becomes elevated in a patient due to massive intestinal overgrowth of Lactobacillus acidophillus? A.) D-Lactate B.) D-Arabinitol C.) L-Lactate D.) D-Glucarate
A.) D-Lactate
Which of the following is the most common reason for finding elevated benzoic acid in urine?
A.) The liver is converting more toluene into benzoic acid.
B.) Hepatic coenzyme A levels are increasing.
C.) Pantothenic acid supplementation has been increased
D.) Hepatic glycine conjugation capacity has been exceeded.
D.) Hepatic glycine conjugation capacity has been exceeded.
Why would a high protein diet be ill-advised for the patient whose laboratory report indicates a pathological detoxifier pattern?
A.) It would exacerbate the effects of low Phase II detoxification capacity
B.) Phase I detoxification needs to be stimulated
C.) Methylation pathways would be overloaded
D.) Pathological detoxifiers have difficulty with ammonia clearance
A.) It would exacerbate the effects of low Phase II detoxification capacity
What are urinary products of glutathione conjugation called? \n\n\nGamma-glutamyl conjugates \nGlycine conjugates \nSulfated esters \nMercaptans
Mercaptans
Which of the following steps in gene expression can be altered by environmental factors?
A.) DNA transcription
B.) RNA translation
C.) Post-translational protein alterations
D.) All of the above are correct responses
D.) All of the above are correct responses
If a patient is found to be homozygous for SNP that causes lowered activity of the enzyme required for conversion of dopamine to epinephrine, what laboratory report abnormality would show metabolic confirmation of the effect?
A.) Low urinary vanilmandelic acid
B.) High urinary vanilmandelic acid
C.) High urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
D.) Low urinary pyroglutamic acid
A.) Low urinary vanilmandelic acid
Which of the following test results is a marker for chronic stress response? A.) Low insulin B.) High estradiol C.) High thyroxin D.) Low sIgA
D.) Low sIgA
Which abnormality is an indication of potential BH4 deficiency? A.) Elevated plasma Phe/Tyr ratio B.) Elevated serum PIVKA II levels C.) Elevated urinary succinate D.) Elevated urinary xanthurenate
A.) Elevated plasma Phe/Tyr ratio
