560 H DEVELOPMENTAL NUTRITION Flashcards
1
Q
Which of the following foods is unsafe for infant feeding? A. Popcorn B. Peanuts C. Raisins D. All of the Above
A
D. All of the above
2
Q
Define medium-chain fatty acids. A. Have less than 6 carbon atoms. B. Have 12 or more carbon atoms. C. Have 6 to 10 carbon atoms. D. None of these describe
A
D. None of these. (6 - 12 carbon atoms)
3
Q
Which of the following is true of pre-term infants?
a. Born after 37 weeks of gestation.
b. Born at 37 weeks of gestation.
c. Born before 37 weeks of gestation.
d. Both b. and c.
A
c. Born before 37 weeks of gestation.
4
Q
Which of the following herbal teas are considered safe during lactation?
a. Peppermint
b. Raspberry
c. Rose hips
d. All of these are considered safe
A
d. All of these are considered safe
5
Q
Which of the following is an effect of nutrient deficiencies during the perinatal period? ( choose all)
A. Birth of small and frail infants who have a high likelihood of death in the first year of life
B. Genetic defects
C. Decrease in fertility
D. Delayed time to conception
A
A, C, D
6
Q
What are the 3 major conditions of the female athlete triad?
A
Amenorrhea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis
7
Q
What is the rate of miscarriages?
A. 50
B. 10
C. 30
A
C. 30% of implanted embryos are lost, and 1/3 of these are identified as miscarriages
8
Q
What are the recommendations for weight gain during pregnancy? Eg underweight, obese etc
A
Underweight 28-40 lbs Normal weight 25-35 lbs Overweight 15-25 lbs Obese 11-20 lbs Twin pregnancy 25-54 lbs
9
Q
What is the increase in energy needs during pregnancy? Second v third trimester?
A
Second trimester: +340 kcal per day
Third trimester: +452 kcal per day
10
Q
What treatments (2) are recommended for constipation in pregnancy?
A. Consume 30 g of fiber daily
B. Laxative pills
C. Soluble fiber supplements
A
A and C
11
Q
What is the function of prolactin?
A
stimulates milk production
12
Q
What is the main role of oxytocin in breastfeeding ?
A
Letdown, or the ejection of milk from the milk gland into the milk ducts
13
Q
Which of the following nutrition factors would NOT be related to infertility in men?
A. Eating a diet containing animal products.
B. Following a weight-loss diet that resulted in a body weight 15% below normal
C. High alcohol intake
D. Inadequate intake of antioxidants
E. Inadequate intake of zinc
A
A. Eating a diet containing animal products.
14
Q
What nutrients have been found to be most effected in women who use Oral Contraceptives? A. Low levels of B6 B. Low levels of B12 C. High levels of Copper D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
15
Q
A body mass index (BMI) greater than\_\_\_\_\_ is typically needed to sustain normal reproductive function in women. A. 17 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30 E. 35
A
B. 20
16
Q
The recommended daily intake of folate for ALL women who may become pregnant is? A. 40 mcg B. 40 mg C. 400 mcg D. 400 mg E. 400 g
A
C. 400 mcg
17
Q
Your best friend is pregnant and asks you to recommend foods that will increase her iron stores. Which of the following would be the best choice? A. Whole grain bread B. Canned spinach C. Seasonal fruit D. Frozen peas E. Hamburger with tomato slices
A
E. Hamburger with tomato slices
18
Q
\_\_\_\_\_ during the first 2 months of pregnancy is teratogenic and leads to a two- to three-fold risk of congenital abnormalities. A. A high blood glucose level B. Type 1 diabetes C. Type 2 diabetes D. Insulin resistance E. Celiac disease
A
A. A high blood glucose level
19
Q
The change in lipid blood levels that occurs during pregnancy can best be explained in this way: _____.
A. cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease due to the increased water volume in the blood
B. cholesterol and triglyceride levels remain the same as pre-pregnancy levels.
C. cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase dramatically from pre-pregnancy levels.
A
C. cholesterol and triglyceride levels increase dramatically from pre-pregnancy levels
20
Q
The recommended daily protein (g) intake for pregnant women is \_\_\_\_\_. A. 30g B. 71g C. 90g D.120g
A
B. 71 grams
21
Q
Research is emerging that suggests pregnant women should increase their food sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods would provide the most DHA to pregnant women?
A. 1/4 cup granola - 1tsp sunflower seeds.
B. 1/2 tuna salad sandwich
C. 1 cup broccoli
D. 8 OZ glass whole milk
A
B. 1/2 tuna salad sandwich
22
Q
It is recommended that OVERWEIGHT women gain approximately \_\_\_\_\_ during pregnancy. A. 5-10 pounds B. 15-25 pounds C. 25-35 pounds D. 28-40 pounds E. 35-45 pounds
A
B. 15 - 25 pounds
23
Q
The recommended weight gain range for NORMAL-WEIGHT women during pregnancy is: A. 5-10 pounds B. 15-25 pounds C. 25-35 pounds D. 28-40 pounds E. 35-45 pounds
A
C. 25 - 35 pounds
24
Q
Women with which of the following characteristics are at increased risk of developing preeclampsia? A. Obesity B. Insulin resistance C. First pregnancy D. High triglyceride levels E. All of the above
A
E. All of the above
25
```
It is recommended that women with gestational diabetes aim for a range of _____ % fat calories during pregnancy.
A. 10-20
B. 20-30
C. 30-40
D. 40-50
E. 60
```
C. 30 - 40
26
Which of the following is NOT a maternal benefit of breastfeeding?
A. Minimizes postpartum blood loss
B. Helps uterus return to nonpregnant size
C. Delays return to fertility
D. MAY help lose weight more quickly
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
27
On the second feeding after birth, a first-time mom was concerned that her infant was not getting enough milk. What would the lactation consultant want the new mom to know?A. The first milk is highly concentrated in nutrients and provides a high amount of protein.
B. The infant needs only 1/2 -2tsp at each feeding for the first two days.
C. The infant needs human milk substitutes to ensure adequate energy intake.
D. The infant needs supplemental sugar water to ensure adequate energy intake.
E. A and B
E. A and B.
28
What is a possible reason that breastfeeding may prevent allergies?
A. Influence on gut microbial flora
B. Transfers maternal proteins and immunity
C. Transfer of maternal fatty acids and IGA in breast milk
D. Low content of allergens
E. All of above
E. All of above
29
A breastfeeding mother asks you if alcohol can be eliminated from her breast milk by pumping immediatedly after drinking a few glasses of wine. What would you tell her?
A. Yes; in fact, discarding your breast milk is a good thing to do if you would like to drink while breastfeeding.
B. Yes; pumping will help, but you need to pump for the next 24 hours and discard any milk that you collect.
C. No; your breast milk will still contain alcohol; you will need to wait 1 hour per alcoholic beverage and then pump the milk and discard it to be safe.
D. No; the alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2 to 3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman.
D. No; the alcohol will still be in the breast milk and will clear from the milk as soon as it clears from the blood stream: roughly 2 to 3 hours per drink for a 120-pound woman.
30
```
Hyperemesis gravidarum (morning sickness) may be prevented and/or treated by:
A. B-6
B. Ginger
C. Peppermint
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
```
D. All of the above
31
```
A pregnant woman who is vegan need to take supplemental Vitamin D, Iron and ________ during pregnancy.
A. B6
B. Vit A
C. Fish Oil
D. Vit C
E. B12
```
E. B12
32
```
Prenatal vitamins are routinely recommended at least _________ months prior to pregnancy to ensure adequate folate status.
A. 16
B. 13
C. 3
D. 1
E. 0
```
C. 3
33
```
The amniotic fluid and breast milk are influenced by internal and external environments such as diet, exposure to cigarette smoke and pleasant scents. If there is a particular flavor or aroma a parent wants their child to learn how many times during the 2nd and 3rd trimester should exposure occur?
A. 10
B. 5
C. 2
D. 12
```
D. 12
34
```
When breastfeeding is not an option the alternatives available are:
A. Donor Milk
B. Standard Formula
C. Hydrolyzed Formula
D. Soy Formula
E. All of the above
```
E. All of the above
35
The following foods should be avoided during pregnancy EXCEPT:
A. Raw or undercooked food such as fish, eggs, meat
B. Raw nuts and seeds
C. Unpasteurized juices and dairy products
D. Raw sprouts
E. Fish high in mercury
B. Raw nuts and seeds
36
```
Dietary recommendations for a woman with PCOS that is trying to conceive should include:
A. High fat
B. Lean Protein
C. High fiber
D. None of the above
E. B and C
F. All of the above
```
E. B and C
37
```
A body mass index (BMI) in the 90th percentile would indicate that a 3 year old was:
A. under weight
B. normal weight
C. overweight
D. at risk of overweight
E. obese
```
C. overweight
38
One "rule of thumb" regarding portion sizes for toddlers is:
A. Serve them as you would serve yourself and let them decide how much they would like to eat.
B. 1 tablespoon of food per year of age.
C. Allow toddlers to self serve and graze throughout the day as there are no actual portion sizes for this age group.
D. 1/4 cup of protein-type foods and ½ cup of all others.
E. None of the above is correct.
B. 1 tablespoon of food per year of age.
39
Studies have shown that restricting a young child's access to palatable ("junk") food may:
A. promote desirability of that particular food
B. encourage them to overeat these foods
C. have negative feelings
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
D. All of the above
40
Approximately how many exposures to a new food might it take for a toddler to accept the flavor or taste?
A. 2-3
B. 8-10
C.10-12
B. 8 - 10 exposures
41
```
Common, or likely, nutrition problems among young children include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. iron-deficiency
B. anemia
C. dental caries
D. constipation
E. lead poisoning
F. All of the above
```
F. All of the above
42
A mother is interested how to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in her 2 year old son. What advice would you give her?
A. Counsel her about making sure his diet includes red meats, fortified cereals, and fruit juices with vitamin C
B. Have her begin administering iron drops per the recommended dose
C. Advise her to not give more than 24 oz milk/day
D. A and C
D. A and C
43
```
Overweight and obesity are common in Down syndrome children because they have lower caloric needs due to:
A. low muscle mass
B. lower mobility
C. short stature
D. all of the above
E. both B and C
```
D. all of the above
44
```
Signs that indicate feeding problems in toddlers include:
A. low interest in eating
B. long mealtimes (>30 minutes)
C. preferring liquids over solids
D. refusing foods
E. All of the above
```
E. All of the above
45
Healthy toddlers are likely to develop diarrhea from _____.
A. introduction of vegetables into their diet
B. addition of too much fat into their diet
C. consumption of eggs
D. drinking too much fruit juice
E. drinking 2% milk versus whole milk
D. drinking too much fruit juice
46
```
Celiac sprue is a disease that usually develops by _____ years of age.
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
```
A. 2
47
```
Dietary management of celiac disease requires the elimination of:
A. wheat, rye, oats and barely
B. wheat, rice, soy and potato
C. wheat, rice, corn and soy
D. rice, corn, eggs and bulgur
```
A. wheat, rye, oats, and barley
48
```
Breathing problems in children:
A. increase nutritional needs
B. lower interest in eating
C. slow growth rate
D. all of the above
E. both A and C
```
D. all of the above
49
```
Typical food allergies do NOT include _____.
A. eggs
B. soy
C. rice
D. peanuts
E. wheat
```
C. rice
50
```
The AVERAGE caloric need of infants in the first six months of life is _____ per kg of body weight, based on growth in breast-fed infants.
A. 57 Calories
B. 98 Calories
C. 108 Calories
D. 122 Calories
E. 154 Calories
```
C. 108 calories
51
```
The two essential fatty acids required in an infant's diet are α-linolenic acid and _____ acid.
A. Stearic
B. Palmytic
C. Polymyearic
D. Linoleic
```
D. linoleic
52
```
If an infant is exclusively breastfed and not exposed to adequate amounts of sunlight, he/she would need a _____ supplement.
A. Calcium
B. Fluoride
C. Iron
D. Vitamin D
```
D. Vitamin D
53
Which of the following is a warning sign indicating growth problems?
A. Plateau in head circumference gain for more than one month
B. Lack of height gain
C. Plateau in weight gain for more than one month
D. Drop in weight without regain within a few weeks
E. All of the above
E. All of the above
54
```
nfants need a higher fat diet compared to older people; therefore, up to _________________ of calories from fat may be recommended.
A. 25%
B. 32%
C. 40%
D. 55%
E. 60%
```
D. 55%
55
What is one of the signs associated with inadequate growth?
A. weight loss within the first week after birth
B. weight remaining stable over 3 months
C. weight gain over 3 months
D. missing weights in the medical record
B. weight remaining stable over 3 months
56
What is the most appropriate nutritional intervention for a special needs infant who has gastroesophageal reflux and swallowing difficulty?
A. Add 4 oz fruit juice as a snack
B. Feed infant more often
C. Mix baby rice cereal with standard formula or breast milk
D. Supplement with a mixture of amino acids, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals
E. Provide a concentrated formula that provides 40 cal/fluid ounce
C. Mix baby rice cereal with standard formula or breastmilk
57
```
Solid food introduction should begin:
A. At 4 months of age
B. At 6 months of age
C. When the child is showing signs of food readiness
D. At 12 months of age
```
C. When the child is showing signs of food readiness
58
```
Preschool children have a ________ appetite compared to infants.
A. Increased
B. Decreased
C. Same
D. None of the above
```
B. Decreased
59
If an infant gets constipated following food introduction, what food would you recommend?
A. Increasing "P" such as peas, pears, peaches, prunes, plums
B. Increasing water intake
C. Increasing dairy products
D. All of the above
E. A and B only
E. A and B
60
```
Honey can increase risk of infant botulism and should not be introduced prior to what age?
A. 2 years
B. 6 months
C. 12 months
D. 18 months
E. 9 months
```
C. 12 months
61
Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for parents to use in teaching young children about health eating behaviors?
A. Give desserts as a reward
B. Having separate meals for adults and children
C. Coax the child to eat at meal times
D. Serve family meals and allow the child to self-serve portions
D. Serve family meals and allow the child to self-serve portions
62
The best treatment for an adolescent pregnant woman with an eating disorder is to _____.
A. Remind her to eat foods that help with weight gain
B. Refer to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues
C. Bargain with the woman to consume larger portions, but tell her that she can still vomit after eating
D. listen to her anxiety and fear of weight gain without commenting negatively on it
B. refer her to an eating disorder clinic that uses a team approach to solve nutritional issues
63
The struggle for independence that characterizes adolescent psychosocial development may lead to the development of health-compromising eating behaviors, including:
A. excessive dieting
B. meal skipping
C. use of conventional nutritional supplements
D. the adoption of fad diets
E. all of the above
E. all of the above
64
```
Protein requirements for males are highest at _____ years.
A. 11-14
B. 15-18
C. 19-24
D. 24-30
```
B. 15 - 18
65
```
The protein requirement is greatest for females when the height growth spurt occurs. What age range would this be?
A. 11 - 14 years
B. 15 - 18 years
C. 19 - 24 years
D. 24 years
```
A. 11 - 14 years
66
The best reason for wanting young adolescents to consume foods that provide adequate calcium is _____.
A. young adolescents expend more energy from increased physical activity and need more calcium
B. young adolescents do not have much money and dairy foods are the least expensive to buy
C. young adolescents retain four times as much calcium than adults and build bone mass
D. young adolescents fight with their parents a lot and this would eliminate one food battle
C. young adolescents retain four times as much calcium than adults and build bone mass
67
```
A range of medical and psychosocial complications accompanies overweight among adolescents, including all of the following EXCEPT:
A. hypertension
B. type 1 diabetes
C. dyslipidemia
D. sleep apnea
E. insulin resistance
```
B. type 1 diabetes
68
Carbohydrate loading for athletes is the process of:
A. Eating as much carbohydrate as possible on a daily basis to "load" your muscle stores.
B. Eating low-carbohydrate foods for the first 3 days of the week, while continuing to exercise, and then consuming a high-carbohydrate diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally.
C. Eating a ratio of 40% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 30% protein in order to shift to a "fat burning" metabolism.
D. All of the above
E. Both a and c only
B. Eating low-carbohydrate foods for the first 3 days of the week, while continuing to exercise, and then consuming a high-carbohydrate diet the 3 days prior to competition while exercising minimally.
69
```
Calcium supplements may decrease the absorption of iron; therefore, they should be avoided within _____ of taking the iron supplement.
A. One hour
B. Five hours
C. Eight hours
D. Ten hours
```
A. One hour
70
```
Potential effects of substance use on nutritional status include all of the following EXCEPT
A. increased nutrient bioavailability
B. reduced nutrient intake
C. iron-deficiency anemia
D. increased nutrient destruction
```
A. increased nutrient bioavailability
71
```
Risk factors for hypertension among adolescents include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. a high dietary intake of sodium
B. an inactive lifestyle
C. being under weight
D. smoking
E. hyperlipidemia
```
C. being underweight
72
Binge-eating disorder differs from bulimia nervosa in that binge eating:
A. does not include binges on "fast" or "junk" foods
B. does not involve eating large amounts of food in a short period of time
C. does include large amounts of fruits and vegetables during a binge episode
D. does not involve compensatory behaviors
D. does not involve compensatory behaviors
73
Key goals of nutritional care for someone in treatment for an eating disorder would include:
A. establishing a regular pattern of nutritionally balanced meals
B. gradually introducing forbidden foods into the diet
C. avoiding dieting behaviors and excessive exercise
D. thoroughly assessing dietary intake and adequacy
E. all of the above are key goals
E. all of the above are key goals
74
A pregnant teen that is deficient in iron early in pregnancy is at higher risk of:
A. remaining iron deficient after delivery
B. having a low-birth weight baby
C. having a pre-term delivery
D. craving unusual foods
E. B and C
E. B and C
75
```
Females experience a _____ increase in body fat during puberty.
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 100%
D. 120%
```
D. 120%
76
```
During peak weight gain, adolescent males gain an average of _____ lb/year.
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
```
B. 20
77
```
Protein needs for children with special health care needs are variable, depending on the chronic health care condition. An example of a condition(s) that has a HIGHER protein needs is/are:
A. wound healing
B. cystic fibrosis
C. PKU
D. all of the above
E. A and B only
```
E. A and B only
78
The most significant predictor of childhood obesity has been found to be:
A. low family income
B. food insecurity
C. maternal obesity
D. lower cognitive stimulation
E. use of formula instead of breastfeeding
C. maternal obesity
79
Children with chronic conditions may have more difficulty meeting the DRI for vitamins and minerals as a result of:
A. feeding difficulties
B. prescribed medications and their side effects
C. dietary restrictions
D. refusing foods
E. all of the above
E. all of the above
80
Children with _____ would always be interpreted as overweight on standard growth charts because they have altered muscle size and/or short statures.
A. diabetes and PKU
B. juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and Down Syndrome
C. spina bifida and cystic fibrosis
D. Down syndrome and spina bifida
D. Down syndrome and spina bifida
81
```
Fat-soluble vitamin supplements are recommended for children with _____ due to poor intestinal absorption of these nutrients.
A. diabetes
B. seizures
C. PKU
D. cystic fibrosis
E. all of the above
```
D. cystic fibrosis
82
```
Which of the following WOULD be allowed on a diet for PKU?
A. Low-protein corn bread
B. Low-carbohydrate cornbread
C. Egg white omelets
D. Chicken and fish, but not beef
```
A. Low-protein corn bread
83
Nutritional concerns in ADHD include:
A. medications side effects that decrease appetite
B. maintaining growth while still being medicated
C. mealtime behavior
D. all of the above
E. both A and B only
D. all of the above
84
What is the importance of taking pancreatic enzymes when a child has cystic fibrosis?
A. These are the enzymes that help digest foods and when they are missing, food is malabsorbed
B. Pancreatic enzymes also supply the fat-soluble vitamins, which are necessary for normal growth
C. Not necessary to take pancreatic enzymes with cystic fibrosis; you need intestinal enzymes
A. These are the enzymes that help digest foods and when they are missing, food is malabsorbed
85
```
____ has been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of seizures in children.
A. Gluten-free diet
B. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet
C. A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet
D. A dairy-free diet
E. A very-low-fat diet
```
B. A low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet
86
```
Which of the following food sources would be highest in heme iron?
A. spinach
B. beef
C. molasses
D. dried prunes
```
B. Beef
87
The decline in estrogen production in women after menopause leads to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. more acne
B. accelerated loss of bone
C. an increase in abdominal fat
D. All of the above occur with less estrogen
A. more acne
88
```
To lose one pound per week, a person would need to eat _____ fewer Calories per day.
A. 250
B. 300
C. 450
D. 500
E. 1,000
```
D. 500
89
```
A simple calculation used to give you a "ballpark" Calorie level for weight maintenance is to multiply your body weight by the number _____
A. 13
B. 15
C. 17
D. 25
E. 30
```
B. 15
90
```
At perimenopause many women need to take _____ to prevent bone loss.
A. vitamin K
B. calcium
C. vitamin D
D. both a and b
E. both b and c
```
E. both b and c
91
A high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease called Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes includes all the following recommendations EXCEPT:
A. 50-60% of total calories from carbohydrates
B. trans fat intake of less than 1% of calories
C. less than 7% of total calories from saturated fatup to 20% of calories from monounsaturated fats.
D. avoiding eggs and ALL dairy foods
D. avoiding eggs and ALL dairy foods
92
```
Having a BMI _____ means a person is obese.
A. <25
B. >27
C. >27 for men and >29 for women
D. >30
```
D. >30
93
```
Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk of which of the following conditions?
A. Sleep apnea
B. Gallbladder disease
C. Type 2 diabetes
D. Osteoarthritis
E. all of the above
```
E. all of the above
94
```
Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include:
A. elevated fasting blood glucose levels
B. abdominal obesity
C. high LDL levels
D. low levels of HDL cholesterol
E. all of the above
```
E
95
```
Of all the physiologic changes that occur with aging, the biggest effect on nutritional status is due to shifts in the _____.
A. Peripheral nervous system
B. Musculoskeletal system
C. Gastrointestinal system
D. Nervous system
E. Renal system
```
B. Musculoskeletal system
96
```
According to national intake data, older adults are not eating enough:
A. potassium
B. vitamins A, D, E and K
C. magnesium
D. calcium
E. all of the above
```
E. all of the above
97
It is difficult to meet vitamin and mineral needs at calorie levels below:
A. 1300
B. 1600
C. 1800
D. 2000
E. It is hard to meet vitamin and mineral needs at ANY calorie level; therefore, a multivitamin is ALWAYS recommended
B. 1600
98
It is common for the elderly to have suboptimal vitamin D status or develop vitamin D deficiency due to all of the following EXCEPT:
A. inadequate exposure to sunlight and increased use of sunscreen
B. decreased intake of vitamin D-containing foods
C. use of medications that may interfere with metabolism of Vitamin D
D. all of above
D. all of above
99
Which of the following statements is true about calcium supplementation and absorption?
A. Low calcium levels have been linked to colon cancer, overweight, and hypertension
B. High intake of calcium interferes with zinc and iron absorption
C. High intake of calcium may result in elevated urinary excretion of calcium.
D. Calcium is better absorbed in pill form.
E. A, B and C only
E. A, B and C only
100
Having a deficiency of which vitamin has been implicated in increased blood levels of homocysteine in the elderly, therefore increasing heart disease?
A. Iron
B. Folate
C. Calcium
D. All the B vitamins and vitamin C
E. Fat-soluble vitamins only (A, D, E, K)
B. Folate
101
Recommendations for the macronutrients for the elderly are:
A. 40-60% of energy from carbohydrate, 25-35% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein
B. 35-55% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein
C. 50-70% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein
D. 45-65% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein.
E. 50-65% of energy from carbohydrate, 25-40% of energy from fat, and 10-35% of energy from protein
D. 45-65% of energy from carbohydrate, 20-35% of energy from fat, 10-35% of energy from protein
102
```
The two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and _____.
A. Cancer
B. Accidents (automobile)
C. Arthritis
D. Alzheimer's/dementia
E. Diabetes
```
A. Cancer
103
How is nutritional status affected when an older adult has a stroke
A. The ability to swallow may be forgotten
B. The ability to chew may be altered
C. Teaching may need to be done on how to feed oneself
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
104
```
What would the blood pressure of an elderly woman diagnosed with hypertension be?
A. 90 mmHg/70 mmHg
B. 110 mmHg/70 mmHg
C. 110 mmHg/90 mmHg
D. 140 mmHg/90 mmHg
```
D. 140 mmHg/90 mmHg
105
```
Which of the following nutrient intakes is NOT a risk factor for osteoporosis?
A. inadequate calcium intake
B. heavy alcohol consumption
C. low body weight
D. ↑ iron intake
```
D. ↑ iron intake
106
```
The Adequate Intake (AI) of calcium for women 51 and older is:
A. 1000 mg/day
B. 1200 mg/day
C. 1300 mg/day
D. 1500 mg/day
E. 2500 mg/day
```
B. 1200 mg/day
107
Nutrition advice for people that are taking blood-thinning medication due to a stroke is to:
A. maintain a stable vitamin K intake
B. avoid all foods with vitamin K
C. eat vitamin K-rich foods ONLY in evening and take medication in the morning
D. take a supplement of vitamin K at every meal along with your medication
E. eat large amounts of vitamin K at every meal
A. maintain a stable vitamin K intake
108
Which of the following behaviors exacerbates GERD?
A. Drinking alcohol in excess
B. Drinking regular or decaffeinated coffee
C. Smoking
D. Drinking apple juice
E. all the above
F. A, B, C only
F. A, B, C only
109
```
A deficiency in vitamin B12 may lead to:
A. irreversible neurological damage
B. cognitive impairment
C. constipation
D. all of the above
E. both A and B only
```
E. both A and B only
110
The FIRST remedy advised for an overweight patient with osteoarthritis is:
A. take high levels of Vit C and antioxidants
B. take chondroitin and glucosamine to relieve inflammation
C. take SAM-e to help reduce pain and stiffness
D. lose weight
D.lose weight
