560G LIFELONG HEALING Flashcards by Sara Gibbons

Any product labeled “Organic” must be all of the following EXCEPT:
A. USDA Certified
B. Free from irradiation
C. Free from the use of pesticides
D. Comprised of at least 70% organic ingredients

D. Comprised of at least 70% organic ingredients

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Out of the five senses, the one that has the strongest connection to the body's reward system is:
A. Taste
B. Smell
C. Touch
D. Sight

A. Taste

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The primary reasons that older age increases the risk for foodborne illness is:
A. older adults are frequently on multiple medications
B. antibiotic resistance increases with age
C. sense of smell and taste decline with age
D. older persons are more likely to have comorbid conditions

A. older adults are frequently on multiple medications

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What diet is best for a patient that has megaloblastic anemia, is overweight, has hyperlipidemia, prediabetes, and has a history of liver cancer?

a. ) Paleo Diet
b. ) Raw food diet
c. ) Mediterranean Diet
d. ) Low glycemic load Mediterranean Diet

d.) Low glycemic load Mediterranean Diet

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What are phytochemicals?

Health promoting substances in plants, such as antioxidants

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What are zoochemicals?

Health promoting substances in animals, such as L-carnitine in meat

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The idea behind grass farming is that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the most natural and renewable source of energy.
A. Water
B. Land
C. Plant life
D. The sun

D. The sun

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The primary purpose of irradiating chicken and beef is to decrease the consumers’ chances of contracting food borne illness(es).
A. True
B. False

A. True

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In addition to indicating that animals received the majority of their nutrition from grass feedings, the USDA regulated label “grass-fed” also includes limits on the use of antibiotics, hormones, and pesticides.
A. True
B. False

B. False

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Dairy products labeled “USDA-Organic” must come from cows that grazed on pasture for the full-length of the growing season of the location in which they were raised.
A. True
B. False

A. True

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All of the following are concerns that have been raised about the safety of GMOs EXCEPT:
A. Genes that create resistance to herbicides will be combined with those of weed species making “superweeds”
B. The genes added to crop plants can negatively affect health of those who eat them
C. GM crops will interbreed with non-GMO crops and altered genes will be transferred into crops within which they are unwanted
D. GM crops increase the use of fossil fuels

D. GM crops increase the use of fossil fuels

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Eating a high-protein diet will help to provide the body with the tryptophan needed to produce Serotonin.
A. True
B. False

B. False

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What is the precursor to serotonin?

Tryptophan

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What foods are high in tryptophan?

Clams, oysters, spinach, eggs, pineapple, plum, squid, banana, nuts, milk, turkey

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What craving is common in those with serotonin/tryptophan deficiencies? Hint macronutrient

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What type of diet may correct Serotonin insufficiencies by changing AA levels?

High carb diet

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What are symptoms of serotonin/tryptophan deficiency?

Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder, PMS

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What does serotonin regulate?

Sleep, appetite, mood, digestion

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What can excess dopamine cause?

psychosis
schizophrenia
paranoia
insomnia
decreased appetite/weight loss
aggression
obsessions/compulsions
euphoria
intense sexual urges
mania and/or bipolar disorder

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What can too little dopamine cause?

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Parkinson’s dx
Weight gain/increased appetite
Impaired impulse control
Tremor or stiffness of muscles
Risk for addiction
Binge eating
Lethargy and/or hypersomnia
Lack of motivation

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What is the precursor to dopamine? Hint amino acid

Tyrosine

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Which foods are high in tyrosine?

Fava beans

Chicken
Ricotta cheese
Dark chocolate
Seaweed
Wheat germ
Mustard greens
Oatmeal
Duck
Edamame

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What are clinical signs of dopamine deficiency?

Food cravings, especially late night
Irritability when cutting out craved/favorite foods
Frequently continuing to eat even when very full
Lethargy, especially when cutting back on craved/favorite foods
Reports of heavy reliance on foods or substances to stimulate cognition or alertness

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What does it mean when a crop is organic?

Irradiation, sewage sludge, synthetic fertilizers, prohibited pesticides, and genetically modified organisms were not used

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``` Over time, chronic overeating can eventually cause ______ dopamine (DA) activity and _______ dopamine (DA) sensitivity in the brain. A. Increased, decreased B. Decreased, increased C. Decreased, decreased D. Increased, increased ```

C. Decreased, decreased

``` Emotions that have been linked to increased hunger are joy and A. All of these B. Fear C. Anger D. Sadness ```

C. Anger

``` The phenomenon of an association or effect increasing in strength and/or intensity after repeated exposure to a stimulus is called: A. Withdrawal B. Sensitization C. Addiction D. Tolerance ```

B. Sensitization

``` Social withdrawal and/or isolative behaviors in alcoholics are primarily attributable to: A. Thiamine deficiency B. Neurological effects of alcohol C. Liver enzyme elevation D. Dopamine deficiency ```

A. Thiamine deficiency

``` Eating a diet deficient in omega 3 fatty acids found in fish and some nuts can cause: A. All of these B. Decreased dopamine C. Depression D. Difficulty concentrating ```

A. All of these

``` Eating a diet deficient in omega 3 fatty acids found in fish and some nuts can cause: A. All of these B. Decreased dopamine C. Depression D. Difficulty concentrating ```

A. All of these

``` Impaired absorption of folate should be considered in patients who are taking: A. Anticonvulsants B. Anxiolytics C. Antidepressants D. Antipsychotics ```

A. Anticonvulsants (research also shows antidepressants)

``` A vegan or vegetarian diet that is high in phytic acid (found in grains) can inhibit the absorption of which nutrient(s)? A. Calcium B. Iron C. Zinc D. All of these ```

D. All of these

``` What medical condition(s) has/have shown evidence based benefits from the Mediterranean Diet? A. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome B. Alzheimers and depression C. Heart and vascular disease D. All of these ```

D. All of these

``` A diet that has been thought to have benefits intreating and/or preventing cancer is: A. Alkaline B. Macrobiotic C. Mediterranean D. All of these ```

D. All of these

``` What foods are avoided on an elimination diet? A. Gluten, corn, dairy, legumes B. Gluten, meat, corn, dairy C. Gluten, corn, dairy, soy D. Gluten, rice, corn, meat ```

C. Gluten, corn, dairy, soy

``` Food allergies are mediated by ________ while food sensitivities are mediated by ___. A. IgG, IgE B. IgE, IgG C. IgG, IgA D. IgA, IgE ```

B. IgE, IgG

``` A vegetarian or vegan diet typically causes deficiencies in the following? A. Zinc B. Vitamin B12 C. All of these D. Iron ```

``` A dietary imbalance caused by an excess of carbohydrate foods, eventually resulting in protein and mineral deficiencies, can be an adverse effect of a(n) _____ diet. A. Mediterranean B. Anti-inflammatory C. Paleo D. Macrobiotic ```

D. Macrobiotic

Cooking foods containing lycopene and beta-carotene will boost the availability of these nutrients. A. True B. False

True

``` The Macrobiotic Diet has shown benefit in those with Blood Type ___, while the Paleo diet has shown benefit in those with blood type ____. A. A, O B. O, A C. B, A D. O, AB ```

A. A, O

``` A vegan diet would be an especially good choice for a person with this condition: A. Anemia B. Protein deficiency C. All of these D. Hemochromatosis ```

D. Hemochromatosis

``` Cow's milk has ___ protein and ___ calcium than human milk. A. More, More B. More, Less C. Less, More D. Less, Less ```

A. More, More

``` When meal planning for those with CVD risk factors, it is important to know that grass fed beef is ____ in fat and ____ in cholesterol than grain fed beef. A. Lower, Lower B. Lower, Higher C. Higher, Lower D. Higher, Higher ```

B. Lower, Higher

``` One of the first symptoms of liver disharmony is: A. Cold feeling/chills B. Low blood pressure C. Emotional liability D. Hyper flexibility ```

C. Emotional liability

The following interventions will help to control insulin production in a hypoglycemic patient (select all that apply) A. Avoiding denatured and refined foods B. Consuming whole forms of complex carbs C. Increasing salt D. Citrus fruits

A. Avoiding denatured and refined foods | B. Consuming whole forms of complex carbs

One characteristic that grains and legumes have in common, is that they are both acid-forming. A. True B. False

True

Which of the following promote the formation of Maillard Reaction Products (MRP)? Check all that apply. A. Slow cooking food at low temp B. Adding sugar to protein rich foods C. Cooking foods above 248 degrees D. Cooking foods below 248 for a short duration

B. Adding sugar to protein-rich foods | C. Cooking foods above 248 degrees

According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, raw foods are better for digestion than cooked foods. A. True B. False

False

``` A person with constipation should avoid consuming: A. Magnesium-rich foods B. Baking powder and baking soda C. Fiber-rich foods D. Bran from oats, wheat, or rice ```

B. Baking powder and baking soda

The most common symptom of underlying system imbalance manifests in the form of

Headaches

``` Which of the following diets would be particularly detrimental for a person who is suffering from depression due to low serotonin levels? A. Vegetarian B. Mediterranean C. Paleo D. Macrobiotic ```

C. Paleo

``` Attaining adequate DHA intake is particularly important for maintaining adequate levels of ____________. A. GABA B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. Norepinephrine ```

B. Dopamine

``` Consumption of sugar can increase ______ , which can lead to anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and hyperactivity. A. Insulin B. Adrenaline C. Serotonin D. GABA ```

B. Adrenaline

While on the anti-Candida diet, a person should increase his or her intake of fermented foods. A. True B. False

False

``` Low blood sugar is prevalent in persons with disorders such as: A. Obesity B. All of these C. Drug addiction D. Schizophrenia ```

B. All of these

``` The most common food proteins that can cause intolerance are cow's milk protein and ________. A. Soy protein B. Wheat gluten C. Egg yolks D. Nut protein ```

B. Wheat gluten

``` The term _________ means that nutrients that were lost during food processing have been added back, whereas _________ means vitamins or minerals have been added to a food that weren't originally in the food. A. Supplemented, enriched B. Fortified, supplemented C. Enriched, fortified D. Fortified, enriched ```

C. Enriched, fortified

Which statement is true regarding the relationship between food companies and the government? A. Government regulations make it extremely difficult for food companies to market a new product B. Food companies use the political process to obtain government support for the sale of their products C. The government has no involvement with food companies D. Government policies support the sale of fresh organic foods over processed foods

B. Food companies use the political process to obtain government support for the sale of their products

``` What is given to animals to make them grow faster and larger for human consumption? A. Additional exercise B. Hormone therapy C. Genetic modification D. Antibiotics ```

B. Hormone therapy

``` What are the most common genetically modified foods in the US? A. Soy and Wheat B. Wheat and Cottonseed C. Corn and Wheat D. Corn and Soy ```

D. Corn and Soy

The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was meant to: A. Ensure the safety of American's entire food supply B. Require government testing of all food products for sale C. Require companies to only use fresh foods in their products D. To prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated misbranded or poisonous food and drugs

D. To prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated misbranded or poisonous food and drugs

How would you describe Generally Recognized as Safe "GRAS" by the FDA?

GRAS means products should be tested properly before they are introduced into the marketplace. However, it does not require premarket testing or labeling and testing cannot totally prove that a product is safe.

``` What diet would you best recommend for a patient suffering with allergies, asthma and obesity? A. Zone Diet B. 90/10 Weight Loss Plan C. Anti-inflammatory diet D. Atkins Diet ```

C. Anti-inflammatory diet

``` Protein _____ calcium reabsorption and phosphorus _____ calcium reabsorption. A. Decreases, decreases B. Decreases, increases C. Increases, increases D. Increases, decreases ```

B. Decreases, increases

What is included in a cancer protective diet? A. Avoid sugar, additives, preservatives, hormones (xenoestrogens), mutagens. B. Balance blood glucose and insulin. C. Animal protein less than 10% of the diet. D. Increase fresh, seasonal organic fruits and vegetables, and fiber. E. All of the above

E. All of the above

``` Food cravings have major impacts on: A. All of these B. Impulse control C. Decision-making D. Memory ```

A. All of these

Once a food has been pasteurized, it cannot be re-contaminated. A. True B. False

False

Cold pressed oils are generally thought to be non-addictive foods according to Dr. Ifland. A. True B. False

True

``` Some technique(s) to preventing cross-contamination during food handling is/are (select all that apply) A. Separation B. Salination C. Sublimation D. Sanitization ```

A. Separation and D. Sanitization

Non-starchy vegetables contain more fiber than whole grains. A. True B. False

``` Flavonoids and carotenoids are examples of: A. Micronutrients B. Phytochemicals C. Macronutrients D. Zoochemicals ```

B. Phytochemicals

The FDA is responsible for investigating "hen Houses" to ensure conditions are adequate and safe. A. True B. False

``` Pollan argues that _______ should be the premise for a new revolution since it is what sustains and helps define culture. A. Food B. Farming C. Science D. Sustainability ```

Food

Carb cravings are common in those with Seasonal Affective disorder and serotonin and/or tryptophan deficiency. A. True B. False

The "placebo effect" is demonstrated by each of the following scenarios EXCEPT: A. A person experiences sleepiness after consuming tryptophan-rich foods B. Reading labels has been shown to decrease consumption of high-calorie food C. A person justifies eating larger quantities of food simply because it is a "healthy" food D. A person who thinks coffee will wake them up may become more alert after drinking it, even if decaffeinated.

A. A person experiences sleepiness after consuming tryptophan-rich foods

``` In recent years, the food sources most commonly responsible for outbreaks of foodborne illness is/are: a. Seafood B. Vegetables C. Meat D. Fruits ```

C. Meat

In motivational interviewing, the therapist accepts the patient's perspective and reflects it, rather than challenging it. A. True B. False

``` Your vegetarian client comes to you for help with what food to eat for her fatigue. What nutrient deficiencies do you suspect? (select all that apply) A. Zinc B. Magnesium C. Vitamin B12 D. Iron ```

A. Zinc C. Vitamin B12 D. Iron

``` Which of these oils is lowest in omega-6 fatty acids? A. Flaxseed oil B. Safflower oil C. Soybean oil D. Corn oil ```

A. Flaxseed oil

``` Which type of fat is a product of food processing? A. monounsaturated fat B. polyunsaturated fat C. Hydrogenated fat D. Saturated fat ```

C. Hydrogenated fat

``` Which of the following is considered an acid forming food? A. White wheat Bread B. Almonds C. Broccoli D. Raspberries ```

``` What chemical company introduced the first pesticide for agriculture? A. Round up B. Calgene C. Monsanto D. Syngenta ```

C. Monsanto

``` What does CAFO stand for? A. Compassionate Animal Feeding Operation B. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation C. Closed Animal Feeding Operation D. Caring Animal Feeding Operation ```

B. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation

What is undermining dietary advice on a large-scale basis? A. Chronically ill nation B. Governments ties to industry C. Lack of education among the general population D. Unqualified nutritionists posing as experts giving information

``` How long is it safe to leave meat and dairy out of the refrigerator or freezer before risk for bacterial growth? A. 3 hours B. 4 hours C. 1 hour D. 2 hours ```

D. 2 hours

``` When reading food ingredient lists, the highest quantity of an ingredient is notated as the: A. Last ingredient B. Order is insignificant C. Second ingredient D. First ingredient ```

D. First ingredient

``` What gives you the most valuable information about a food product? A. Food ingredient list B. Health claims C. Nutrition facts label D. Product title ```

A. Food ingredient list

``` All of these ingredients are derived from corn except: A. Dextrose B. Aspartame C. Maltodextrin D. Tapioca ```

``` What are considered other food safety measures by the US government? A. Irradiation B. All of the above C. Pasteurization D. Consumer education ```

B. All of the above

``` What is the gold standard for chronic food allergy sensitivity testing: A. DNA food sensitivity testing B. Food sensitivity IGG testing C. Elimination reintroduction diet D. Food allergy IGE testing ```

C. Elimination reintroduction diet

``` What foods are considered acid forming? A. Tomatoes B. Processed foods C. Oranges D. Carbonated water ```

B. Processed foods

According to Walter Willet, which statement does NOT summarize his recommendations created on his Food Guide Pyramid? A. Use alcohol in moderation B. Eat unlimited whole grains C. Take a multivitamin plus Vitamin D for insurance D. Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit, without limit to any in particular

D. Eat plenty of vegetables and fruit, without limit to any in particular

``` Colbin talks about 4 living systems in her book, Food and Healing, and how they impact health. Which one is NOT on her list? A. Wholeness and order B. Intra and Inter systemic hierarchies C. Metabolism D. Adaptive self stabilization ```

C. Metabolism

If working with a patient one on one and they continually check their phone do you: A. Kindly ask them to please stop B. Tell them you have a policy that no cell phones are on during a session C. Let them continually check and ignore it D. You recognize that this could be a nervous habit and what you are talking about is very difficult for them. The best thing to say is "I sense what we are talking about maybe making you nervous, can you please talk to me about this..."

D. You recognize that this could be a nervous habit and what you are talking about is very difficult for them. The best thing to say is "I sense what we are talking about maybe making you nervous, can you please talk to me about this..."

``` What is NOT a common obstacle in preventing patients from eating healthy? A. Accessibility B. Food taste C. Money D. Time ```

B. Food taste

If you have a patient where you sense a deep rooted eating disorder what do you NOT do? A. Refer her to counseling B. Give her a food diary to keep C. Put her on any type of dietary program D. Call on the help of an eating disorder specialist

C. Put her on any type of dietary program

``` What is one of the most critical questions to ask when assessing a patient? A. Exercise regimen B. Dietary intake C. Family health history D. Food/drug sensitivities and allergies ```

D. Food/drug sensitivities and allergies

If a patient comes in telling you that they have sensitivities to upwards of 10 foods what do you do? A. Plan a dietary program void of all the 10 foods B. You immediately assume this person has food issues and treat them accordingly C. Tell them you will take them shopping and teach them how to avoid those 10 foods D. Request to speak to their doctor to see the blood test that indicate the sensitivities

D. Request to speak to their doctor to see the blood test that indicate the sensitivities

``` Which one is NOT an anti- inflammatory spice? A. Cayenne B. Turmeric C. Nutmeg D. Cinnamon ```

C. Nutmeg

``` Culinary nutrition tools include everything except: A. Food scale B. Hands on cooking C. Menu Plan D. Shopping education ```

A. Food scale

When reviewing a person's food diary, what is the most important thing to understand? A. The amount of salt a person is eating B. Repetitive patterns that lend itself to an overview of a person's relationship with food C. If a person drinks enough water D. How frequently the person eats during the day

B. Repetitive patterns that lend itself to an overview of a person's relationship with food

If your patient consumes 3 sodas a day consistently and wants to eliminate soda from his diet, do you: A. Do you understand that he has an oral fixation and suggest gum as an alternative B. Find a replacement beverage and have him stop cold turkey C. Set up a timetable to request him to cut back D. Seek a healthier soda for him to consume at the same level

C. Set up a timetable to request him to cut back

In _________, Congress passed HR 322, aka the "chemical fertilizer bill" authorizing investigation of chemical fertilizers, poison sprays, and chemicals in food. 1. ) 1920 2. ) 1970 3. ) 1950 4. ) 2000

3.) 1950

Any product labeled "Certified Organic" must be all of the following EXCEPT: 1. ) USDA Certified 2. ) Comprised of at least 70% organic ingredients 3. ) Free from use of pesticides 4. ) Free from irradiation

2.) Comprised of at least 70% organic ingredients

The _______ in food is influenced by it's agricultural practices, relationship of the plant to it's environment, and plant genetics: 1. ) Phytochemicals 2. ) Macronutrients and micronutrients 3. ) Toxins 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

A whole foods diet would include all of the following EXCEPT: 1. ) Arugula salad with honey roasted pecans, salmon, olive oil and vinegar. 2. ) Ground up almond butter and honey on sprouted wheat bread 3. ) A health food bar with partially hydrogenated palm oil, nuts and fruit. 4. ) Homemade peanut butter (ground in the store) cookies made with organic butter, whole wheat flour, sea salt and coconut sugar.

3.) A health food bar with partially hydrogenated palm oil, nuts and fruit.

The agricultural practice which includes organic standards and leaves the soil healthier than before is called: 1. ) Subsistance farming 2. ) Biodynamic farming 3. ) Organic farming 4. ) GMO farming

2.) Biodynamic farming

T/F: Tryptophan is an amino acid that is absorbed well on a high protein diet, like the Paleo Diet

False

The phenomenon whereby just one bite of a sugary fat food laden with food additives, such as, an Oreo cookie is enough to trigger conditioned hyper-eating is called: 1. ) Sensitization 2. ) Priming 3. ) Deprivation 4. ) ADHD

2.) Priming

Carbohydrate cravings are common in people with: 1. ) Serotonin and/or tryptophan deficiencies 2. ) Depression 3. ) Seasonal Affective Disorder (the "winter blues") 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

Coffee, chocolate, and caffeine are stimulants that __________ dopamine production and _________ uptake. 1. ) increase, decrease 2. ) decrease, decrease 3. ) decrease, increase 4. ) increase, increase

1.) increase, decrease

What factors are considered for your client when designing a special medical diet? 1. ) Individual healthcare goals 2. ) Nutrigenomics, genetic, and epigenetic influences 3. ) Food allergies, sensitivities, and intolerances 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

What foods may need to be eliminated in someone with rheumatoid arthritis or an inflammatory disorder, due to evidence that approximately 20% of people with have relief if avoided? 1. ) Cruciferous vegetables and soy products 2. ) Tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, paprika 3. ) Citrus fruits 4. ) Legumes

2.) Tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, paprika

What food groups are eliminated in a Paleo Diet? 1. ) Whole grains 2. ) Refined grains, dairy, and gluten containing products 3. ) Beens and quinoa 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

Which blood type may benefit most from a Paleo-like diet? 1. ) Blood type A 2. ) Blood type B 3. ) Blood type A/B 4. ) Blood type O

4.) Blood type O

What foods are avoided in a anti-candida diet? 1. ) All sugars, grains, starches and yeast 2. ) Vinegar 3. ) Peanuts 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

The definition of a Functional Food is: 1. ) A food that claims to have health benefits beyond basic nutrition 2. ) A food that is healthier than other foods and proven by specific regulations 3. ) A food that has been proven to have the best balance of protein, carbohydrate, and fats. 4. ) A food that is not ideal for the general public

1.) A food that claims to have health benefits beyond basic nutrition

An example of a functional food is: 1. ) Using cinnamon sugar in rice pudding for flavor and color 2. ) Using 1 t of cinnamon a day in food to reduce insulin resistance and risk of diabetes 3. ) Using 4 tsp. of cinnamon a day in capsules for weight loss 4. ) Eating a cinnamon bun

2.) Using 1 t of cinnamon a day in food to reduce insulin resistance and risk of diabetes

The whole grain cereal your client likes contains at least 3 major ingredients and 70% overall organic ingredients in it. What can be claimed on the box? 1. ) 100% organic 2. ) Organic 3. ) Made with organic ingredients 4. ) It does not contain genetically modified ingredients (non-GMO)

3.) Made with organic ingredients

Who may best benefit from orange juice fortified with vitamin C, Vitamin D, and calcium? 1. ) A young child living in a rural town with limited access to food and water 2. ) A 22-year-old male that works as a personal trainer and eats a whole foods diet 3. ) A 42-year-old female in general good health that has slightly high cholsterol 4. ) A 56-year-old female that is a lacto-ovo vegetarian and exercises 3 times a week.

1.) A young child living in a rural town with limited access to food and water

What nutrient can be missing in a dairy-free Paleo diet that is low in vegetables? 1. ) Vitamin B12 2. ) Calcium 3. ) Vitamin D 4. ) Iron

2.) Calcium

Your vegan client has iron deficiency anemia and wants your dietary advice. What do you recommend? 1. ) Lentils, sesame seeds, olive 2. ) Adding citrus fruits and foods high in vitamin D to their leafy green salads 3. ) Cooking with an iron skillet 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

What do these foods have in common? Sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, quinoa: 1. ) They are high in vitamin D 2. ) They are high in zinc 3. ) They are seeds that are high in iron 4. ) They are all allowed on a Paleo Diet

2.) They are high in zinc

What is the best source of Vitamin B12 on a vegan diet? 1. ) Fortified Nutritional Yeast 2. ) Mushrooms 3. ) Leafy greens 4. ) Grass-fed beef

1.) Fortified Nutritional Yeast

Where are most of the nutrients, especially fat-soluble nutrients of eggs found? 1. ) The egg white 2. ) The egg yolk 3. ) Both of the above 4. ) None of the above

2.) The egg yolk

T/F: The US has no specific regulations on functional food, other than those food and neutriceuticals that have health claims

T/F: Eating meat that is not organic and grass-fed exposes you to low-level antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

True

Your 32-year-old male patient is overweight, has pre-diabetes, hypothyroidism, gallstones, a history of pancreatitis, and impaired kidney function. Which diet will you recommend for him? 1. ) Ketogenic diet 2. ) Low carbohydrate diet (less than 20g of carbohydrate a day) 3. ) Low carbohydrate mediterranean diet 4. ) Atkins diet

3.) Low carbohydrate mediterranean diet

FODMAP stands for F___________, Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. 1. ) Fructans 2. ) Fermentables 3. ) Fruit 4. ) Fructose

2.) Fermentables

Which cooking method does produce the least amount of Maillard Reaction Products (MRPs)/Advance Glycation Endproducts (AGEs)? 1. ) Barbecuing ribs 2. ) Frying in soybean oil 3. ) Stir-frying broccoli 4. ) Broiling fish in a sweet and sour sauce

3.) Stir-frying broccoli

Your 22 year old male patient has chronic yeast issues manifested as toenail fungus, fatigue, itchy skin, and a white thick coating on his tongue. What foods to you recommend he avoid in his diet? 1. ) White vinegar 2. ) Raw unfiltered apple cider vinegar 3. ) Lemon juice 4. ) Brown rice

1.) White vinegar

According to Marion Nestle, "Big Organics" want the rules on organic standards to be as lenient as possible so they can follow the letter of organic standards without having to adhere to their spirit. Organic production which uses ___________ is an explicit critique of industrial food production methods. 1. ) No pesticides and fertilizers 2. ) Approved pesticides and fertilizers 3. ) Both a & b 4. ) None of the above

2.) Approved pesticides and fertilizers

For your client on an elimination diet, she will now reintroduce foods. She will start with reintroducing Swiss cheese on Monday. When should she try reintroducing goat cheese next? 1. ) Tuesday 2. ) Wednesday 3. ) Thursday 4. ) Friday

2.) Wednesday

Your overweight 62-year-old client has had a heart attack and has high cholesterol. What diet has been shown in a randomized controlled study (Lyon Heart Study) to reduce the risk of mortality and heart disease post MI even though it did not reduce cholesterol levels? 1. ) DASH diet 2. ) The Mediterranean Diet 3. ) Vegetarian Diet 4. ) Alkaline Diet

2.) The Mediterranean Diet

Limiting carbohydrates to less than 20g/day induces this physiologically and sometimes pathological state of the body whereby glucose is no longer the primary source of fuel in the body. This state is called ____________. 1. ) Glycolysis 2. ) Insulin resistance 3. ) Ketosis 4. ) Alkylosis

3.) Ketosis

Which of the following can be a consequence of consuming too much sugar? 1. ) Insulin resistance 2. ) Inflammation 3. ) depressed immune function 4. ) All of the above

4.) All of the above

Your 22 year old female client has chronic yeast infections. What foods do you recommend you remove from her diet? 1. ) Fruit and fruit juices 2. ) Yogurt 3. ) Tempeh 4. ) Lemon juice

1.) Fruit and fruit juices

What is the optimal ratio of omega 6: omega 3 foods for decreasing inflammation as is found on the Mediterranean diet? 1. ) >4 : 1 2. ) < or = 4 : 1 3. ) 10 : 1 4. ) 1 : 10

2.) < or = 4 : 1

The problem with consuming food high in omega-6 fatty acids is they compete with omega-3 for the same enzymes and produce: 1. ) Arachidonic acid 2. ) EPA 3. ) DHA 4. ) Linolenic acid

1.) Arachidonic acid

You have a 38-year-old male client with hemochromatosis. Which of the following foods do you recommend he avoid in high amounts when his iron is high? 1. ) Lentils 2. ) Coffee 3. ) Coconut 4. ) Apples

1.) Lentils

You have a 52-year-old male patient with gout. What foods do you recommend he avoid? 1. ) Cherries 2. ) Meat 3. ) All beans 4. ) Olive oil

2.) Meat

Meat from grass-fed beef is higher than grain-fed beef in all of these nutrients, except for: 1. ) Saturated fats 2. ) Magnesium 3. ) Protein 4. ) Chromium

1.) Saturated fats

You have a 36-year-old female client that wants advice on what to eat to reduce her cholesterol. What foods do you recommend she avoid? 1. ) Eggs 2. ) Fatty fish and nuts 3. ) Cheese 4. ) Olive oil

3.) Cheese

What types of fats/oils are not allowed on an anti-candida diet? 1. ) Coconut oil 2. ) Virgin olive oil 3. ) Peanut oil 4. ) Coconut butter

3.) Peanut oil

All of these are proposed changes for the new nutrition label EXCEPT? 1. ) Information about added sugars 2. ) Require precent daily values of potassium and Vitamin D 3. ) Require precent daily values of vitamin A and Vitamin C 4. ) Increase the serving size per individual

3.) Require precent daily values of vitamin A and Vitamin C

What labels on the package of processed foods are generally used for marketing, rather than health reasons: 1. ) Health claims 2. ) Percentage Daily Values 3. ) Ingredient list 4. ) Nutrient Values

1.) Health claims

What is Homogenization?

Breaking up milk molecules into smaller pieces

What is Pasteurization?

Partial sterilization of a substance and especially a liquid (such as milk) at a temperature and for a period of exposure that destroys objectionable organisms without major chemical alteration of the substance; irradiation of food products.

What are Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE)? Maillard reaction?

Typically formed when sugars are cooked with proteins or fats. The Maillard reaction (browning) occurs between amino acids and sugars during the cooking and processing of foods