5.3 SG

Question 1

What is transcription?

Answer 1

The process by which RNA is made

Question 2

What is translation?

Answer 2

The process by which proteins are made from Ribosomes

Question 3

Compare and contrast RNA and DNA

Answer 3

Both have the base pairs A, C, and G but RNA has Uracil instead of Thymine. RNA is single stranded as well

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of translation?

Answer 4

Initiation, elongation, and termination

Question 5

Describe what happens in each stage of Translation

Answer 5

Initiation: Translation factors prepares to bind to promoters/enhancers to prepare RNA polymerase to start copying gene sequence into mRNA. Elongation: RNA polymerase breaks free of TF, a protective 5’ cap is added to RNA, and as RNA polymerase copies DNA, other proteins are recruited that splice out Introns. Termination: At polyadenylation site, the termination sequence is recognized and cut. A PolyA tail is added to the end of the new RNA molecule that is consumed, the longer it is the longer it’ll take

Question 6

What are the parts of an eukaryotic gene?

Answer 6

Promoter, enhancer/silencer, exons, and introns

Question 7

What does every part of a Eukaryotic gene do?

Answer 7

Promoter: Start site of transcription. Enhancer: Additional binding for transcription factors (TF), can start and stop the transcription process. Exon: Sequences that will be present in mRNA. Introns: Will be spliced out and removed