4.1 Flashcards lel
What is an enzyme?
A protein (sometimes made up of RNA) that catalyze a reaction via chemical reactions
Define substrate
Medium by which en enzyme catalyzes and performs a chemical reaction, it binds with the enzyme/protein
Define Active Site
Region of the enzyme where the chemical reaction happens
Define activation energy
Energy required for the process of a chemical energy to occur
What is the relationship between reaction rate and substrate concentration
More substrates means higher reaction rate, more frequent collisions with enzymes, reaction rate levels off when all enzymes are at max rate of reaction
What is the relationship between reaction rate and Enzyme concentration
more enzymes means higher reaction rate, more collisions with substrates, reaction rate levels off when substrates become the limiting factor and not all enzymes can find a substrate
What is the relationship between reaction rate and Temperature
Optimum temperature means higher number of successful collisions, for human enzymes its between 35-40 degrees Celsius. Heat: increase beyond optimum Temperature. Denaturation is the loss of the 3-D shape, change in active site shape, means trouble for enzymes and substrates to bind. Cold: Molecules more slower, decrease in amount of energy and collisions between enzymes and substrates
What is the relationship between reaction rate and pH
Adds or removes H+, disrupts 3-D shape, and denatures protein. Pepsin’s(stomach) pH=2-3. Trypsin (small intestine) pH=8-#
What is an inhibitor?
Something that disrupts with the active site in someway
What is the difference between a competitive and a noncompetitive inhibitor?
A competitive one will interfere directly with the active site so that the substrate can’t bind. A noncompetitive inhibitor will change the shape of the active site so that it CAN bind with the substrate.
Define the activation of an enzyme
Activators/cofactors (inorganic ions) maintain/change the active site shape. Co-enzymes (vitamins)
