3.3 study guide or smth idk Flashcards
What are similarities withing Amino acids?
They all have acidic Carboxyl (-COOH) group and Amino (-NH2) functional groups
What are differences within amino acid structures?
What ever the side chain/R-group is made up of that can make any and all amino acids unique
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
Describe Primary structure
Order of amino acids, sequence determined by gene, amino acid sequence ultimately determines the final shape, covalent bonds formed via dehydration synthesis (Peptide bonds=polypeptides)
Describe secondary structure
Small sections of folding can be seen in all polypeptides, H bonds between carboxyls and amines of amino acids (parts all Amino acids have), proteins have combinations, A-Helix, B-pleated sheet
Describe tertiary structures
Final 3D shape of a single polypeptide, interactions between side chains of amino acids, acidic: negative, basic: positive
Describe Quaternary structures
More than one polypeptide chain bonded together (Not all proteins have this level), mostly held by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions
What is protein denaturation?
Unfolding a protein, conditions that can disrupt H bonds and ionic bonds: temperature, pH, and Salinity
How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophobic interactions
amino acids with nonpolar, hydrophobic R groups all will group up together in the inside of the protein, that leaves hydrophilic amino acids on the outside to interact with all the water molecules around. Not going to be outside of a protein molecule that is in water
How are tertiary structures formed by hydrophilic interactions
outside bonds that are polar and hydrophilic hydrogen and ionic bond interactions stabilize it. Will be on the outside of the protein to be in water
How are tertiary structures formed by Acidic and Basic side chains
The sequences of side chains will make unique patterns and unique structures. Acidic will make them negative and basic will be positive
How are tertiary structures formed by Cysteine side chains
