5.1 Flashcards
What is Griffith’s test? What did he prove?
He injected mice with different strains of bacteria, S (Deadly) and R (Safe). The mice injected with R lived while the mice with S died. Then he injected mice with heat-killed S Strain, and they lived. Then, he injected mice with both R strain and heat-killed S Strain, and the mice died. This proved the existence of a transforming factor.
What is the Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty test? What did they prove?
They wanted to find what the transforming factor was, so they isolated one of each of the possible candidates and then tested to see if the transferring still happened without the other ones. They found that the transferring only didn’t happen when DNA was not present and that it therefore was the transforming factor.
What is the Hershey-Chase Experiment? What did they prove?
They tagged certain parts of viruses with radioactive material so they could see where DNA and Protein went when the virus infects something. They found that the DNA is what is transferred, making it the transforming factor.
What are Chargaff’s Rules?
- A=T G=C
- The ratios of the amount of each nitrogen base vary per species.
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
What is the main component of DNA?
Nucleotides
What binds nucleotides together?
Covalent Bonds
What binds nitrogen bases together?
Hydrogen Bonds
What makes up a nucleotide?
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Phosphate Group
- Nitrogen Base
How many nucleotide chains are in a strand of DNA? How do they run compared to each other?
2 chains run antiparallel.
Define Antiparallel.
Parallel lines that run in opposite directions.
What differentiates a 5’ end from a 3’ end?
3’ - OH Group
5’ Phosphate Group
What Nitrogen Bases are Pyrimidines?
C and T
What Nitrogen bases are Purines?
A and G
