5.0 neuro - olfaction / gustation

Question 1

which cranial nerve carries the sense of smell

Answer 1

CN I olfactory

Question 2

which cranial nerves carry the sense of taste

Answer 2

CN VII facial, CN IX glassopharyngeal, CNX vagus

Question 3

which cranial nerve carries the sense of vision

Answer 3

CN II optic

Question 4

which cranial nerve carries the sense of hearing

Answer 4

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 5

which cranial nerve carries the sense of balance

Answer 5

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 6

is olfaction a chemical or physical sense

Answer 6

chemical

Question 7

where are olfactory receptors located

Answer 7

within the olfactory epilthelium

Question 8

what/where is the olfactory epilthelium

Answer 8

superior part of the nasal cavity, inferior surface of the cribriform plate

Question 9

the olfactory epithelium consists of which three kinds of cells

Answer 9

olfactory receptors, supporting cells, basal cells

Question 10

what are olfactory receptors and what do they do

Answer 10

bipolar neurons, transduce odorant molecules into neural signal

Question 11

what are supporting cells of the olfactory epithelium and what do they do

Answer 11

equivalent to glia, nourish, protect, insulate

Question 12

what are basal cells of the olfactory epithelium and what do they do

Answer 12

divide and give rise to new olfactory receptors

Question 13

where do olfactory nerves terminate

Answer 13

in the olfactory bulbs

Question 14

where do olfactory bulb neurons project and via what

Answer 14

to the cortex via the olfactory tract

Question 15

which sense bypasses the thalamus

Answer 15

olfaction only

Question 16

where does the olfactory tract project to

Answer 16

the limbic system (amygdala) and hypothalamus

Question 17

where do olfactory tract axons project to

Answer 17

the primary olfactory area (piriform cortex, entorhinal area) located at the inferior and medial surface of the temporal lobe

Question 18

is taste / gustation a chemical or physical sense

Answer 18

chemical

Question 19

what are the five primary tastes

Answer 19

sour, sweet, bitter, salty, unami

Question 20

where are taste buds located

Answer 20

tongue, soft palette, pharynx, epiglottis

Question 21

taste buds are made of up which three types of epithelial cells

Answer 21

sensory cells, support cells, basal cells

Question 22

what are sensory cells of the taste buds and what do they do (structure, contacts)

Answer 22

constantly renewed, long microvilli at the apical surface that extend into the taste pore. not neurons, but in contact with axons of sensory neurons

Question 23

what are supporting cells of the taste buds and what do they do

Answer 23

equivalent to glia, nourish, etc

Question 24

what are basal cells of the taste buds and what do they do

Answer 24

divide, mature, and replace old sensory cells

Question 25

taste buds are found in / on what elevator structure

Answer 25

papillae

Question 26

what are the 4 types of papillae

Answer 26

vallate, fungiform, poliate, filiform papillae

Question 27

vallate papillae

Answer 27

form an inverted V-shaped row at the back of the tongue

Question 28

fungiform papillae

Answer 28

are mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the entire tongue surface

Question 29

foliate papillae

Answer 29

located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue

Question 30

filiform papillae

Answer 30

contain tactile receptors but no taste buds. increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food into the oral cavity

Question 31

what regions of the tongue / mouth do CN VII, CN IX, CN X serve in regards to taste

Answer 31

CN VII: anterior 2/3 CN IX: posterior 1/3 CN X: thoat and epiglottis