1.0 neuro - introduction

Question 1

What are the components of the CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

What are the components of the PNS?

Answer 2

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

Define afferent signals/information.

Answer 3

Neuronal projections TO a neuron, group of neurons, or CNS

Question 4

Define efferent signals/information.

Answer 4

Neuronal projections FROM a neuron, group of neurons, or CNS

Question 5

What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

Answer 5

Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary control of skeletal muscles; autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands.

Question 6

What are three functions of the nervous system?

Answer 6

• Sensory (afferent) function
• Integrative function
• Motor (efferent) function

Question 7

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 7

Central Nervous System

Question 8

What is a nucleus in the CNS?

Answer 8

A group of neurons within the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

Question 9

What is a tract?

Answer 9

A bundle of axons traveling together within the CNS

Question 10

What is a synapse?

Answer 10

A point of connection/communication between neurons

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Afferent signals are __________.

Answer 11

Arriving information

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Efferent signals are __________.

Answer 12

Exiting information

Question 13

What is the role of sensory (afferent) neurons in the somatic nervous system?

Answer 13

Convey information from sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 14

What is the role of somatic motor neurons (efferent)?

Answer 14

Convey information from the CNS to skeletal muscles, initiate actions

Question 15

True or False: The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 16

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic

Question 17

What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 17

Regulates ‘Fight or Flight’ responses

Question 18

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 18

Regulates ‘Rest and Digest’ responses

Question 19

What is gray matter composed of?

Answer 19

Neurons and their proximal dendrites

Question 20

What is white matter composed of?

Answer 20

Myelinated axons

Question 21

What type of sensory information does the visceral sensory system convey?

Answer 21

Afferent sensory information from the internal environment

Question 22

What are the five regions of the spinal cord?

Answer 22

• Cervical
• Thoracic
• Lumbar
• Sacral
• Coccygeal

Question 23

What are the 3 components of the brain?

Answer 23

Forebrain
Brain stem
Cerebellum

Question 24

What are the two regions of the forebrain?

Answer 24

Telenchephalon
Diencephalon

Question 25

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

Answer 25

Midbrain Pons Medulla

Question 26

What encases the brain? What encases the spinal cord?

Answer 26

Brain: skull Spinal cord: spinal column

Question 27

Anatomical direction for top of the brain

Answer 27

Dorsal

Question 28

Anatomical direction for bottom of the brain

Answer 28

Ventral

Question 29

Anatomical direction for brain towards the nose

Answer 29

Rostral

Question 30

Anatomical direction for the ponytail side of the brain

Answer 30

Caudal

Question 31

Origin of the cranial nerves

Answer 31

Brain stem (exceptions for CN I and II)

Question 32

Origin of the spinal nerves

Answer 32

Spinal cord

Question 33

What does PNS stand for?

Answer 33

Peripheral nerves

Question 34

Define nerve

Answer 34

A bundle of axons (plus associated connective tissue and blood vessels) located outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

What is a ganglia?

Answer 35

A group of neurons outside the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

Question 36

Somatic nervous system

Answer 36

Afferent and efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of skeletal muscle and relay sensory information from the external environment

Question 37

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 37

Efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of smooth muscle and glands

Question 38

Describe the integrative function of the nervous system

Answer 38

Interneurons within the brain and spinal cord play a role in analyzing and integrating sensory information (link the afferent to the efferent)

Question 39

Which are within the CNS and which are outside the CNS? nucleus, nerve, tract, ganglia

Answer 39

Within: nucleus (neurons), tract (axons) Outside: ganglia (neurons), nerve (axons)