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anatomy 403 > 1.0 neuro - introduction > Flashcards

1.0 neuro - introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the CNS?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the components of the PNS?

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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3
Q

Define afferent signals/information.

A

Neuronal projections TO a neuron, group of neurons, or CNS

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4
Q

Define efferent signals/information.

A

Neuronal projections FROM a neuron, group of neurons, or CNS

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5
Q

What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

A

Somatic nervous system regulates voluntary control of skeletal muscles; autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary control of smooth muscle and glands.

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6
Q

What are three functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Sensory (afferent) function
  • Integrative function
  • Motor (efferent) function
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7
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central Nervous System

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8
Q

What is a nucleus in the CNS?

A

A group of neurons within the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

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9
Q

What is a tract?

A

A bundle of axons traveling together within the CNS

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A point of connection/communication between neurons

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Afferent signals are __________.

A

Arriving information

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Efferent signals are __________.

A

Exiting information

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13
Q

What is the role of sensory (afferent) neurons in the somatic nervous system?

A

Convey information from sensory receptors to the CNS

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14
Q

What is the role of somatic motor neurons (efferent)?

A

Convey information from the CNS to skeletal muscles, initiate actions

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15
Q

True or False: The autonomic nervous system is responsible for voluntary muscle control.

A

False

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16
Q

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • Sympathetic
  • Parasympathetic
17
Q

What does the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Regulates ‘Fight or Flight’ responses

18
Q

What does the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Regulates ‘Rest and Digest’ responses

19
Q

What is gray matter composed of?

A

Neurons and their proximal dendrites

20
Q

What is white matter composed of?

A

Myelinated axons

21
Q

What type of sensory information does the visceral sensory system convey?

A

Afferent sensory information from the internal environment

22
Q

What are the five regions of the spinal cord?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral
  • Coccygeal
23
Q

What are the 3 components of the brain?

A

Forebrain
Brain stem
Cerebellum

24
Q

What are the two regions of the forebrain?

A

Telenchephalon
Diencephalon

25
Q

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

26
Q

What encases the brain?
What encases the spinal cord?

A

Brain: skull
Spinal cord: spinal column

27
Q

Anatomical direction for top of the brain

A

Dorsal

28
Q

Anatomical direction for bottom of the brain

A

Ventral

29
Q

Anatomical direction for brain towards the nose

A

Rostral

30
Q

Anatomical direction for the ponytail side of the brain

A

Caudal

31
Q

Origin of the cranial nerves

A

Brain stem (exceptions for CN I and II)

32
Q

Origin of the spinal nerves

A

Spinal cord

33
Q

What does PNS stand for?

A

Peripheral nerves

34
Q

Define nerve

A

A bundle of axons (plus associated connective tissue and blood vessels) located outside the brain and spinal cord

35
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

A group of neurons outside the CNS with similar function, connectivity, and neurotransmitters

36
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Afferent and efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of skeletal muscle and relay sensory information from the external environment

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Efferent systems that regulate motor innervation of smooth muscle and glands

38
Q

Describe the integrative function of the nervous system

A

Interneurons within the brain and spinal cord play a role in analyzing and integrating sensory information (link the afferent to the efferent)

39
Q

Which are within the CNS and which are outside the CNS?

nucleus, nerve, tract, ganglia

A

Within: nucleus (neurons), tract (axons)
Outside: ganglia (neurons), nerve (axons)

anatomy 403 (26 decks)

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