1.2 epithelium and connective tissue

Question 1

What are the 4 basic tissue types?

Answer 1

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous

Question 2

Define cell.

Answer 2

The basic living structural and functional unit of the body

Question 3

Define tissue.

Answer 3

A group of cells that have a common embryonic origin and a common function.

Question 4

What is an organ?

Answer 4

Functional units of the body that consist of a group of different tissues.

Question 5

What are the two main components of organ structure?

Answer 5

• Stroma: supporting connective tissue
• Parenchyma: tissue for specific organ function

Question 6

Are epithelia vascular or avascular?

Answer 6

Avascular

Question 7

Do epithelial cells divide?

Answer 7

Yes, rapidly, constantly replaced / remade

Question 8

What are the primary functions of connective tissues?

Answer 8

• Binding
• Support
• Protection
• Insulation
• Transportation

Question 9

What cell types are found in connective tissues?

Answer 9

• Fibroblast
• Macrophages
• Mast cells

Question 10

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Answer 10

• Hyaline
• Fibrocartilage
• Elastic cartilage

Question 11

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 11

• Areolar
• Adipose
• Reticular

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The superficial part of an epithelial cell is called the _______.

Answer 12

apical

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Connective tissue is well vascularized, except for _______.

Answer 13

cartilage, tendons & ligaments

Question 14

What are the characteristics of the matrix in connective tissue?

Answer 14

• Fibers
• Ground substance

Question 15

What is the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue?

Answer 15

Cells that make fibers.

Question 16

True or False: All connective tissues have a direct blood supply.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

What type of epithelial tissue is classified as having false layers?

Answer 17

Pseudostratified

Question 18

What type of epithelial tissue is distensible (stretchy) and has a domed surface layer?

Answer 18

Transitional

Question 19

What are the two classifications of epithelial tissue based on layers?

Answer 19

• Simple (1 layer)
• Stratified (> 1 layer)

Question 20

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 20

• Protection
• Secretion
• Absorption
• Filtration

Question 21

What are the shapes of epithelial cells?

Answer 21

• Squamous (flat)
• Cuboidal (cubes)
• Columnar (columns)

Question 22

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

Answer 22

Resident white blood cells important for immune defense.

Question 23

What does the ground substance in connective tissue refer to?

Answer 23

Fluid to solid material that varies from very firm to gel to fluid.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The connective tissue that provides insulation is called _______.

Answer 24

adipose

Question 25

What is the role of mast cells in connective tissue?

Answer 25

Make heparin (anti-clotting) & histamine.

Question 26

What is the classification of connective tissue based on decreasing density?

Answer 26

* Bone * Cartilage * Dense * Loose * Liquid

Question 27

What do stroma do?

Answer 27

Supportive connective tissue, holds organs together

Question 28

What to parenchyma do?

Answer 28

Tissue specific to organ function, does function of organ

Question 29

What factors are used to classify epithilia

Answer 29

Shape, # of layers

Question 30

Identify the regions of an epithelial cell

Answer 30

Apical : superficial part Nuclei Basement membrane: anchors deep part of cell

Question 31

How to epithelial cells get O2?

Answer 31

Diffuses from capillary bed to/from connective tissue

Question 32

What does the epithelium do internally and externally

Answer 32

Internally: lines cavities Externally: forms epidermis of skin

Question 33

How are epithelium layers named?

Answer 33

For the shape of the surface layer

Question 34

Describe pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 34

All cells attached to basement, cell nuclei appear at different levels

Question 35

Where might transitional epithelium be found

Answer 35

In the bladder, where stretch is needed

Question 36

What does the fiber in connective tissue refer to

Answer 36

Proteins

Question 37

Where does ground substance in connective tissue come from?

Answer 37

Complex macromolecules secreted by cells within the connective tissue

Question 38

Describe the general structure of connective tissue

Answer 38

Cells suspended in matrix, matrix composed of fibers and ground substance

Question 39

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 39

Dense regular Dense irregular Elastic

Question 40

What are the 2 types of liquid connective tissue?

Answer 40

Blood Lymph