1.2 epithelium and connective tissue Flashcards
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Define cell.
The basic living structural and functional unit of the body
Define tissue.
A group of cells that have a common embryonic origin and a common function.
What is an organ?
Functional units of the body that consist of a group of different tissues.
What are the two main components of organ structure?
- Stroma: supporting connective tissue
- Parenchyma: tissue for specific organ function
Are epithelia vascular or avascular?
Avascular
Do epithelial cells divide?
Yes, rapidly, constantly replaced / remade
What are the primary functions of connective tissues?
- Binding
- Support
- Protection
- Insulation
- Transportation
What cell types are found in connective tissues?
- Fibroblast
- Macrophages
- Mast cells
What are the 3 types of cartilage?
- Hyaline
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic cartilage
What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?
- Areolar
- Adipose
- Reticular
Fill in the blank: The superficial part of an epithelial cell is called the _______.
apical
Fill in the blank: Connective tissue is well vascularized, except for _______.
cartilage, tendons & ligaments
What are the characteristics of the matrix in connective tissue?
- Fibers
- Ground substance
What is the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
Cells that make fibers.
True or False: All connective tissues have a direct blood supply.
False
What type of epithelial tissue is classified as having false layers?
Pseudostratified
What type of epithelial tissue is distensible (stretchy) and has a domed surface layer?
Transitional
What are the two classifications of epithelial tissue based on layers?
- Simple (1 layer)
- Stratified (> 1 layer)
What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?
- Protection
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Filtration
What are the shapes of epithelial cells?
- Squamous (flat)
- Cuboidal (cubes)
- Columnar (columns)
What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?
Resident white blood cells important for immune defense.
What does the ground substance in connective tissue refer to?
Fluid to solid material that varies from very firm to gel to fluid.
Fill in the blank: The connective tissue that provides insulation is called _______.
adipose
What is the role of mast cells in connective tissue?
Make heparin (anti-clotting) & histamine.
What is the classification of connective tissue based on decreasing density?
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Dense
- Loose
- Liquid
What do stroma do?
Supportive connective tissue, holds organs together
What to parenchyma do?
Tissue specific to organ function, does function of organ
What factors are used to classify epithilia
Shape, # of layers
Identify the regions of an epithelial cell
Apical : superficial part
Nuclei
Basement membrane: anchors deep part of cell
How to epithelial cells get O2?
Diffuses from capillary bed to/from connective tissue
What does the epithelium do internally and externally
Internally: lines cavities
Externally: forms epidermis of skin
How are epithelium layers named?
For the shape of the surface layer
Describe pseudostratified epithelium
All cells attached to basement, cell nuclei appear at different levels
Where might transitional epithelium be found
In the bladder, where stretch is needed
What does the fiber in connective tissue refer to
Proteins
Where does ground substance in connective tissue come from?
Complex macromolecules secreted by cells within the connective tissue
Describe the general structure of connective tissue
Cells suspended in matrix, matrix composed of fibers and ground substance
What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic
What are the 2 types of liquid connective tissue?
Blood
Lymph
