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anatomy 403 > 2.0 neuro - spinal cord > Flashcards

2.0 neuro - spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of the spinal nerves?

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

Essential functions of the spinal cord

A
  • Relays sensory information from periphery to brain, somatic and viseral
  • Contains motor neurons, somatic and viseral
  • Local connections between motor and sensory information; reflexes
  • Relays motor information from brain to muscles, somatic and viseral
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3
Q

Organization of gray and white matter in the spinal cord

A

Outer layer = white matter; columns = funiculi
Inner layer = gray matter; two dorsal two ventral horns

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4
Q

What are funiculi

A

Columns of white matter in the spinal cord

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5
Q

What do ascending tracts in the spinal cord relay

A

Sensory afferent information

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6
Q

What do descending tracts in the spinal cord relay

A

Motor efferent information

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7
Q

What is the purpose of epidural adipose tissue in the spinal cord

A

Found between the dura mater and bones of the vertebral canal to prevent dura from adhering to spinal column; allows spinal movement

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8
Q

What is found surrounding the dura mater in the spinal cord

A

Epidural adipose tissue

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9
Q

What meningeal layers surround the spinal cord along its entire length

A

Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater (all)

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10
Q

The spinal cord ends at what vertebra

A

L1-2

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11
Q

What is the name of the termination of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

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12
Q

The dura mater ends at what vertebra

A

S1

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13
Q

What is the cauda equina

A

Bundle of spinal nerves below the termination of the spinal cord traveling to their exit points

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14
Q

What meninges specializations exist in the spinal cord

A

Filum terminale internum; Filum terminal externum

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15
Q

What is the filum terminale internum

A

Thread-like extension of the pia mater from the conus medullaris of the spinal cord; anchors the spinal cord to the inside of the dural sac

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16
Q

What is the filum terminale externum

A

Thread-like extension of the dura mater below the end of the dura sac, attaches to the coccyx; anchors the dural sac to the vertebral column

17
Q

5 regions of the spinal cord

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal

18
Q

2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A

Cervical, lumbar

19
Q

Why does the ratio of gray to white matter change along the length of the spinal cord

A

Most superior spinal cord has more white matter because it contains everything coming from the brain and added from the periphery. Most inferior spinal cord has more gray matter because many myelinated fibers have already made synapses higher up in the spinal cord

20
Q

Two divisions of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

Dorsal horn, ventral horn

21
Q

What type of information is relayed by the dorsal horn of the spinal column

A

Sensory

22
Q

What type of information is relayed by the intermediate zone of the spinal column

A

Visceral motor and sensory

23
Q

What type of information is relayed by the ventral horn of the spinal column

A

Somatic motor

24
Q

Which nuclei / cell columns travel in the dorsal horn

A

Substantia gelatinosa, nucleus proprious, dorsal nucleus

25
Q

Which nuclei / cell columns travel in the intermediate zone

A

Intermediolateral cell column, visceral sensory relay

26
Q

Which nuclei / cell columns travel in the ventral horn

A

Motor neuron pool; medial and lateral

27
Q

Which nuclei / cell columns are continuous along the entire length of the spinal column

A

Ventral horn medial, substantia gelatinosa, nucleus proprius

28
Q

Explain the somatotopic map within the ventral horn of the spinal cord

A
  • Medial motor neurons innervate proximal muscles
  • Lateral motor neurons innervate distal muscles
  • Dorsal motor neurons innervate flexor muscles
  • Ventral motor neurons innervate extensor muscles
29
Q

How is the dura different in the vertebral canal compared to that of the cranium

A

Dura only has one layer in the vertebral canal instead of two layer to create specializations in the cranium

30
Q

What branches of the vertebral artery exist to supply the spinal cord

A

1 ventral (anterior) branch, 2 dorsal (posterior) branches

31
Q

What is the aorta’s role in spinal cord blood supply

A

Aortic branches supplement the ventral and dorsal branches

32
Q

How does venous drainage run relatively along the spinal cord

A

Parallels arterial supply

anatomy 403 (26 decks)

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