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WSET 3 by Sarp Sarac > 5. The Growing Environment > Flashcards

5. The Growing Environment Flashcards

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1
Q

Under which temperature, the vine goes dormant?

A

10 degrees Celsius

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2
Q

What are the factors affecting the heat

A
  • Latitude
  • Altitude
  • Ocean currents
  • Fog
  • Soil
  • Aspect
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3
Q

Name 2 currents that cool the wine regions

A
  • Humboldt Current of Chile

- Benguela Current of South Africa

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4
Q

What is continentality?

A

The temperature difference between the hottest and the coldest month of a region

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5
Q

What is the effect of big water masses on continentality?

A

They decrease the continentality

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6
Q

What is diurnal range?

A

The temperature difference between the day-time and the night-time temperature

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7
Q

What is the effect of high diurnal range on the grapes?

A

Cool nights slow the loss of aromas and acidity so wines are fresher and more aromatic

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8
Q

What is the effect of water masses on diurnal range?

A

They decrease the diurnal range

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9
Q

What is the effect of clouds on diurnal range?

A

They decrease the diurnal range

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10
Q

Under which temperature, the vine can be seriously damaged or even killed?

A

-20 degrees Celsius

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11
Q

Which part of the vine is at greatest risk for winter freeze? How do the grape growers try to overcome this hazard?

A
  • Graft

- Earthing up

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12
Q

What happens if the vine does not have a dormant period?

A
  • It may produce more than one crop per year
  • Its life will be shortened
  • The quality of the grapes will suffer
  • Mild winters also mean survival of larger population of insect pests
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13
Q

Name the techniques used to prevent spring frosts?

A
  • Heaters
  • Wind machines (some also incorporate heaters)
  • Sprinklers
  • Thoughtful vineyard design: Slopes, high training
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14
Q

What are the effects of cold temperatures on vine?

A
  • It may delay budburst. So there is not enough time for the grapes to ripen fully.
  • Flowering and fruit set can be disrupted
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15
Q

What are the factors affecting the sunlight?

A
  • Latitude: Daylight is longer, the further the vineyard is from the Equator
  • Bodies of water: Places near large bodies of water tend to have more clouds, that decrease the sunlight, on the other hand, vineyards situated above river or lakes can benefit from the reflected sunlight
  • Aspect: Vineyards that face the Equator
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16
Q

What is the effect of sunburn on grapes? What do the grape growers do to overcome this hazard?

A
  • Bitter flavours develop on grape skins

- Canopy management

17
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The movement of water from the roots to the and its evaporation from the aerial parts (leaves, stems and flowers)

18
Q

Why limiting the supply of water is beneficial, once a sufficient canopy of leaves grow?

A

Vines concentrate on grape ripening rather than further shoot growth

19
Q

What are the irrigation systems and their advantages and disadvantages?

A
  • Drip irrigation: Each vine get optimum amount of water, expensive
  • Sprinklers: Cheaper than drip irrigation. Can also protect from frost. They waste a lot of water and create damp conditions in the vineyard
  • Flood irrigation: Very cheap. Only possible in flat or gently sloping vineyards
20
Q

What are the effects of excessive water on vines?

A
  • Vine will grow shoots and leaves leaving less sugar for ripening grapes. Also too much canopy also restrict photosynthesis
  • Waterlogging: Can cause damage to roots and the death of the plant
21
Q

How can waterlogging be avoided?

A
  • Planting vines on a slope

- Installing drainage pipes

22
Q

What are the effects of heavy rainfall on vines?

A
  • Flowering and fruit set can be disrupted
  • Damp conditions increase the risk of fungal disease
  • Heavy rain short before the harvest can cause berries to swell excessively
23
Q

Name a wine area in the world which is particularly prone to hail?

A

Mendoza in Argentina

24
Q

What is the best protection from hail?

A

Owning several vineyards in different locations, since the hail storms tend to be very localized

25
Q

Name the types of climates according to their average growing season temperatures

A
  • Cool: 16.5 or below
  • Moderate: 16.5 - 18.5
  • Warm: 18.5 - 21
  • Hot: Over 21
26
Q

Name the types of climates according to their geographical properties

A
  • Continental
  • Maritime
  • Mediterranean
27
Q

What are the similarities and differences between Maritime and Mediterranean climates?

A
  • Both have low continentality
  • Rainfall is evenly spread throughout the year for Maritime climate, whereas summers are warm and dry in Mediterranean climate
28
Q

Name the main grape growing regions which have a Mediterranean climate

A
  • Mediterranean
  • Coastal California
  • Chile
  • South Africa
  • Southeastern Australia
29
Q

What are the smallest and biggest particles of soil?

A
  • Smallest: Clay

- Biggest: Sand

30
Q

What is humus?

A

Soil made up of decomposing plant animal material. It has excellent water retaining properties

31
Q

What is loam?

A

Mixture of clay and sand particles. Good drainage but retain enough water for the vine growth

32
Q

What are the main elements that a vine take from the soil?

A
  • Nitrogen
  • Phosphorus
  • Potassium
33
Q

What is chlorosis?

A

The leaves of the vine turn to yellow due to lack of nutrients

WSET 3 by Sarp Sarac (36 decks)

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