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WSET 3 by Sarp Sarac > 30. Spain > Flashcards

30. Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main climatic zones of Spain?

A
  1. North-northwest coast: Moderate maritime, high rainfall
  2. East coast: Warm Mediterranean
  3. Mesata Central: Hot continental, very hot summers, very cold winters
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2
Q

What is the most important climatic challenge in Spain? How do the grape growers overcome this difficulty?

A
  • Drought (with the exception of Northwest region)

- Low-density, bush trained vineyards

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3
Q

The name of Tempranillo is derived from which Spanish word? (E)

A

Temprano (early), because it ripens several weeks earlier

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4
Q

What are the 3 main red grapes of Spain?

A
  • Tempranillo
  • Grenache (Garnacha Tinto)
  • Mourvedre (Monastrell)
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5
Q

What is the general style of Spanish white wines?

A
  • Fresh and fruity
  • Harvesting at night or early in the morning
  • Fermenting in inert tanks
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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of wines made from Verdejo

A
  • High acid
  • Light body
  • Melon and peach flavour
  • Similar to Sauvignon Blanc style with which it is often blended
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7
Q

Why is Albarino resistant to fungal infection?

A

It is a thick-skinned grape

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8
Q

Describe the characteristics of wines made from Albarino

A
  • High acid
  • Refreshing
  • Citrus and stone fruit flavours
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9
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Spain?

A

Airen (most used in production of Brandy de Jeres)

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10
Q

Name the six geographical regions in Spain based on climate and grape varieties

A
  • Upper Ebro: Rioja, Navarra, Carinena and Calatayud
  • Catalunya: Priorat, Penedes
  • Duero Valley: Ribera del Duero, Toro, Rueda
  • North West: Rias Baixas, Bierzo
  • Levante: Valencia, Jumilla and Yecla
  • Castilla-La Mancha: La Mancha, Valdepenas
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11
Q

Name the subregions of Rioja

A
  • Rioja Alta
  • Rioja Alavesa
  • Rioja Baja
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12
Q

The vineyards of Rioja Alta and Alavesa are planted at altitudes of:

A

500-800 m

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13
Q

Rioja is shielded from the Atlantic weather by which mountains?

A

Cantabrian

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14
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Rioja?

A

Tempranillo

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15
Q

Which subregions of Rioja are more ideal to produce Tempranillo?

A

Cooler western subregions (Alta and Alavesa)

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16
Q

What does Tempranillo add to the Rioja blends?

A
  • Red fruit flavours

- Medium level of tannins

17
Q

Which subregions of Rioja are more ideal to produce Grenache?

A

Rioja Baja

18
Q

What does Grenache add to the Rioja blends?

A
  • Alcohol

- Body

19
Q

How are the Rioja wines that are made for early drinking produced? Describe the tasting notes.

A
  • Sometimes by using semicarbonic maceration

- Vibrant red fruit flavours, low levels of smooth tannin

20
Q

Traditionally, what kind of oak is used in Rioja?

A
  • American oak
21
Q

How many grape varieties can be used for white Rioja? Name the most widely planted variety

A
  • Eight white varieties

- Viura

22
Q

What are the differences between traditional and modern white Riojas?

A
  • Traditional white Rioja: Wines aged for extended periods so deliberately oxidized. They have deep golden color and nutty flavours.
  • Modern white Rioja: Minimal contact with oxygen to preserve maximum amount of fruit
23
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Navarra?

A

Tempranillo

24
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Carinena and Calatayud?

A

Grenache (NOT Carignan!)

25
Q

What are the three distinct climatic zones in Penedes?

A
  • Coastal plain: Mediterranean (hot)
  • Inland in the valleys: Slightly cooler but still warm
  • Further into the hills (above 800 m): Moderate climate
26
Q

What is the most widely planted grape varieties in Penedes?

A

Grape varieties used for Cava production (Paralleda, Macabeo, Xarel-lo)

27
Q

What is the soil in Priorat named? What are its properties?

A
  • Llicorella
  • Consists of layers of red slate and small particles of mica
  • It helps ripening by reflecting and conserving heat
  • Able to retain sufficient water throughout growing season
28
Q

Which grapes are used to produce red Priorat?

A
  • Garnacha
  • Carinena
  • Cabernet Sauvignon (rare)
29
Q

Why are Priorat wines expensive?

A
  • Because of aged vines and low fertility of the soil, the yields are low
  • Because of bush vines and steep slopes, mechanization is impossible
30
Q

Tasting notes for red Priorat

A
  • Deeply colored
  • High tannins
  • Medium to high alcohol
  • Concentrated black fruit aromas
  • Toasty aromas from new French oak
31
Q

What is the climate of Ribera del Duero?

A
  • Continental
  • High altitude (some over 850 m)
  • Harsh winters, hot summers, high daily temperature variation
32
Q

Which subregion of Duero Valley focuses on white wine production? Name the dominant grape

A
  • Rueda

- Verdejo

33
Q

In Rueda, Verdejo - Sauvignon Blanc blends must have at least …% of Verdejo

A

50 %

34
Q

How are the grape growers overcome mildew and rot problems which can occur in Rias Baixas due to humid conditions?

A

Vines are trained on pergolas to enhance the air circulation

35
Q

Name the region where Mencia is the key grape variety?

A

Bierzo

36
Q

Tasting notes of Mencia from Bierzo

A
  • Medium to high acidity
  • Fresh fruit
  • A hint of herbaceousness
37
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Levante

A

Monastrell

38
Q

What is the largest DO in Spain? What is the dominant grape?

A
  • La Mancha

- Airen

39
Q

What are the main white grapes of Spain?

A
  • Verdejo
  • Albarino
  • Airen
  • Viura (Macabeo in Catalunya)

WSET 3 by Sarp Sarac (36 decks)

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