5 Consciousness and its altered states

Question 1

refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and range of experiences, from being acutely aware and alert to being totally unaware and unresponsive.

Answer 1

consciousness

Question 2

what are the different states of consciousness

Answer 2

-controlled processes
-automatic processes
-Day Dreaming
-Altered States

Question 3

Are activities that require full awareness, alertness, & concentration to reach some goal.

Answer 3

controlled processes

Question 4

Are activities that require little awareness, take minimal attention, & do not interfere with other ongoing activities

Answer 4

automatic processes

Question 5

Involves fantasizing or dreaming
while awake.

Answer 5

day dreaming

Question 6

Result from using any number of procedures such as meditation, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, or sleep deprivation to produce an awareness that differs from normal consciousness.

Answer 6

altered states

Question 7

Are internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time.

Answer 7

biological clock

Question 8

a biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24-25 hours.

Answer 8

circadian rhythm (daily rhythm)

Question 9

States that falling near end of the range of consciousness

Answer 9

sleep

Question 10

Has been considered necessary for better functioning.

Answer 10

sleep

Question 11

The brain waves of a sleeping person can be amplified and measured using

Answer 11

EEG machine (electroencephalogram)

Question 12

EEG is divided into 2 major categories, these are:

Answer 12

-Non-Rapid Eye Movement
-Rapid Eye Movement

Question 13

Eyes do not move

Answer 13

non-rapid eye movement

Question 14

It starts from the time the person feels sleepy up to the deepest level of his sleep

Answer 14

non-rapid eye movement

Question 15

Makes up the remaining 20% of your sleep time.

Answer 15

rapid eye movement

Question 16

You body is physiologically very aroused, but all your voluntary muscles are paralyzed

Answer 16

rapid eye movement

Question 17

4-5%
Light sleep.
muscle activity slows down.
occasional muscle twitching

Answer 17

stage 1

Question 18

45-55%
breathing pattern and heart rate slows.
slight decrease in body temperature

Answer 18

stage 2

Question 19

4-6%
deep sleep begins.
brain begins to generate slow delta waves.

Answer 19

stage 3

Question 20

12-15%
very deep sleep.
rhythmic breathing.
Limited muscle activity.
Brain produces delta waves

Answer 20

stage 4

Question 21

20-25%
rapid eye movement.
brainwaves speed up and dreaming occurs
muscles relax and heart rate increases.
breathing is rapid and shallow

Answer 21

stage 5

Question 22

Interim between consciousness and sleep

Answer 22

stage 1

Question 23

Heart rate slows, brain does less
complicated tasks

Answer 23

stage 2

Question 24

Body makes repairs

Answer 24

stage 3

Question 25

Body temperature & BP decreases

Answer 25

stage 4

Question 26

Increase in eve movement, heart rate, breathing, BP & temperoture

Answer 26

stage 5

Question 27

The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep (around 1 -7 minutes)

Answer 27

stage 1

Question 28

Characterized by relatively rapid, low- amplitude brain waves.

Answer 28

stage 1

Question 29

Lasts for approximately 20 minutes.

Answer 29

stage 2

Question 30

The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave actively known as (2 answers)

Answer 30

(stage 2) sleep spindles

Question 31

There is a greater muscle relaxation.

Answer 31

stage 3

Question 32

The heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and body temperature continue to drop

Answer 32

stage 3

Question 33

This is when the sleeper experiences the deepest sleep of all.

Answer 33

stage 4

Question 34

Waking up a person is very difficult at this stage

Answer 34

stage 4

Question 35

how many hours does newborns need (0-2 months)

Answer 35

12-18 hours

Question 36

how many hours does infants (3 months-1 year) need?

Answer 36

14-15

Question 37

how many hours does toddlers( 1-3 years old) need?

Answer 37

12-14

Question 38

how many hours does preschoolers (3-5 yrs old) need?

Answer 38

11-13

Question 39

how many hours does school-aged children (5-12 yrs old) need?

Answer 39

10-11

Question 40

how many hours does teens and preteens (12-18 yrs old) need?

Answer 40

8.5-10

Question 41

how many hours does adults (18+) need?

Answer 41

7.5-9

Question 42

a sophisticated biological clock that regulates a number of circadian rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle.

Answer 42

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 43

what are the sleep problems and disturbances?

Answer 43

1. narcolepsy 2. sleep apnea 3. insomia

Question 44

Is a nervous system disorder sleep disorder that is marked by excessive sleepiness and frequent daytime sleep attack.

Answer 44

narcolepsy

Question 45

Is a disorder characterized by a reduction of pause of breathing during sleep.

Answer 45

sleep apnea

Question 46

Refers to the difficulty in either going to sleep or staying asleep through the night.

Answer 46

insomia

Question 47

causes of insomia

Answer 47

• Not getting enough exercise • Stress, whether it is short0term or long –term use of some medications and drugs • Heavy smoking • Too much caffeine, especially late in the day • Getting used to certain types of sleep

Question 48

Is one of the components of behavioral therapy for insomnia.

Answer 48

sleep hygiene

Question 49

Involves measures such as meditation and muscle relaxation or dimming the lights and playing soothing music prior to going to bed

Answer 49

relaxation therapy

Question 50

A disorder that occurs when people walk or do another activity while they are still asleep.

Answer 50

sleep walking

Question 51

Common sleep problems among children

Answer 51

night terrors

Question 52

It lasts about 5 to 30 minutes and afterwards, children usually return to a regular sleep.

Answer 52

night terrors

Question 53

is a unique state of consciousness in which we are asleep but we experience a variety f astonishing visual, auditory, and tactile images, often connected in strange ways and often in color.

Answer 53

dreaming

Question 54

Refers to a very frightening and anxiety- producing images that occur during dreaming

Answer 54

nightmare

Question 55

That we have a “censor” that protects us from realizing threatening and unconscious desires or wishes, especially those involving sex or aggression

Answer 55

Freud's theory of Dream Interpretation

Question 56

Means that our dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, concerns, problems, and emotions that we have when awake.

Answer 56

The theory that dreams are extensions of waking life

Question 57

Says that dreaming represents the random and meaningless activity of nerve cell in the brain

Answer 57

activation-synthesis theory

Question 58

what are the altered states of consciousness

Answer 58

1. hypnosis 2. meditation 3. near-death experience (NDE) 4. Psychoactive drugs

Question 59

Is a procedure in which a researcher, clinician or hypnotist suggests that a person will experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Answer 59

hypnosis

Question 60

Is achieved by performing certain rituals and exercises such as focusing on one’s breathing, assuming yogic positions, concentrating on an object, or reciting a prayer or a mantra.

Answer 60

meditation

Question 61

Is any experience in which someone close to death or suffering from some trauma or disease that might lead to death perceives events that seem to be impossible, unusual, or supernatural.

Answer 61

near-death experienced

Question 62

Are chemical substances capable of altering or changing behaviors, moods, and perceptions.

Answer 62

psychoactive drugs

Question 63

Referred to as downers, are chemicals that depress the central nevrous system; thus, slowing down behavior and cognitive processes.

Answer 63

depressants

Question 64

classification of depressants

Answer 64

-alcohol -barbiturates -tranquilizers -Opiates

Question 65

Is a depressants that slows brain activities.

Answer 65

alcohol

Question 66

Are used to decrease central nervous system activity.

Answer 66

barbiturates

Question 67

Reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. They have a calming effect to depressing the nervous system in a way similar to alcohol

Answer 67

tranquilizers

Question 68

Are drugs that are most commonly used for their euphoric and/or analgesic effects.

Answer 68

opiates

Question 69

opiates

Answer 69

derived from the Opium poppy plant

Question 70

Are drugs that stimulate he sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of boundless energy.

Answer 70

stimulants

Question 71

what are the psychoactive drugs

Answer 71

-depressants -stimulants

Question 72

what are kinds of stimulants

Answer 72

-caffeine -nicotine -Amphetamines -Shabu or methamphetamine hydrocloride -Ecstasy -Hallucinogens -Cannabis -Marijuana

Question 73

Is a stimulant and a natural component of the plants that are the sources of coffee, tea, and cola drinks.

Answer 73

caffeine

Question 74

Its stimulating effects are often perceived to be beneficial for boosting energy and alertness

Answer 74

caffeine

Question 75

Is the main ingredient in all forms of smoking and smokeless tabacco.

Answer 75

nicotine

Question 76

effects include improved attention and alertness, reduced anger and anxiety, and pain relief.

Answer 76

nicotine

Question 77

Drugs used to boost energy, stay awake, or lose weight.

Answer 77

amphetamine

Question 78

They are often prescribed in the form of diet pills.

Answer 78

amphetamine

Question 79

Is an addictive stimulant that strongly activates certain systems in the brain

Answer 79

shabu or methamphetamine hydrochloride

Question 80

Is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.

Answer 80

ecstasy

Question 81

Are drugs that can distort perceptual experiences by acting on the brain responsible for making sense of sensory massages.

Answer 81

hallucinogens

Question 82

Is the name of the plant from which the psychoactive drug marijuana is produced.

Answer 82

cannabis

Question 83

Refers to dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant

Answer 83

marijuana

Question 84

Characterized by general euphoria, a sense of well-being, and relaxation

Answer 84

marijuana