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Psych 151 > 5 Consciousness and its altered states > Flashcards

5 Consciousness and its altered states Flashcards

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1
Q

refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and range of experiences, from being acutely aware and alert to being totally unaware and unresponsive.

A

consciousness

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2
Q

what are the different states of consciousness

A

-controlled processes
-automatic processes
-Day Dreaming
-Altered States

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3
Q

Are activities that require full awareness, alertness, & concentration to reach some goal.

A

controlled processes

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4
Q

Are activities that require little awareness, take minimal attention, & do not interfere with other ongoing activities

A

automatic processes

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5
Q

Involves fantasizing or dreaming
while awake.

A

day dreaming

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6
Q

Result from using any number of procedures such as meditation, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, or sleep deprivation to produce an awareness that differs from normal consciousness.

A

altered states

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7
Q

Are internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time.

A

biological clock

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8
Q

a biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24-25 hours.

A

circadian rhythm (daily rhythm)

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9
Q

States that falling near end of the range of consciousness

A

sleep

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10
Q

Has been considered necessary for better functioning.

A

sleep

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11
Q

The brain waves of a sleeping person can be amplified and measured using

A

EEG machine (electroencephalogram)

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12
Q

EEG is divided into 2 major categories, these are:

A

-Non-Rapid Eye Movement
-Rapid Eye Movement

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13
Q

Eyes do not move

A

non-rapid eye movement

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14
Q

It starts from the time the person feels sleepy up to the deepest level of his sleep

A

non-rapid eye movement

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15
Q

Makes up the remaining 20% of your sleep time.

A

rapid eye movement

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16
Q

You body is physiologically very aroused, but all your voluntary muscles are paralyzed

A

rapid eye movement

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17
Q

4-5%
Light sleep.
muscle activity slows down.
occasional muscle twitching

A

stage 1

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18
Q

45-55%
breathing pattern and heart rate slows.
slight decrease in body temperature

A

stage 2

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19
Q

4-6%
deep sleep begins.
brain begins to generate slow delta waves.

A

stage 3

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20
Q

12-15%
very deep sleep.
rhythmic breathing.
Limited muscle activity.
Brain produces delta waves

A

stage 4

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21
Q

20-25%
rapid eye movement.
brainwaves speed up and dreaming occurs
muscles relax and heart rate increases.
breathing is rapid and shallow

A

stage 5

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22
Q

Interim between consciousness and sleep

A

stage 1

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23
Q

Heart rate slows, brain does less
complicated tasks

A

stage 2

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24
Q

Body makes repairs

A

stage 3

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25
Q

Body
temperature & BP decreases

A

stage 4

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26
Q

Increase in eve
movement, heart rate, breathing, BP & temperoture

A

stage 5

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27
Q

The state of transition between wakefulness and sleep (around 1 -7 minutes)

A

stage 1

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28
Q

Characterized by relatively rapid, low- amplitude brain waves.

A

stage 1

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29
Q

Lasts for approximately 20 minutes.

A

stage 2

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30
Q

The brain begins to produce bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave actively known as (2 answers)

A

(stage 2)

sleep spindles

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31
Q

There is a greater muscle relaxation.

A

stage 3

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32
Q

The heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and body temperature continue to drop

A

stage 3

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33
Q

This is when the sleeper experiences the deepest sleep of all.

A

stage 4

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34
Q

Waking up a person is very difficult at this stage

A

stage 4

35
Q

how many hours does newborns need (0-2 months)

A

12-18 hours

36
Q

how many hours does infants (3 months-1 year) need?

A

14-15

37
Q

how many hours does toddlers( 1-3 years old) need?

A

12-14

38
Q

how many hours does preschoolers (3-5 yrs old) need?

A

11-13

39
Q

how many hours does school-aged children (5-12 yrs old) need?

A

10-11

40
Q

how many hours does teens and preteens (12-18 yrs old) need?

A

8.5-10

41
Q

how many hours does adults (18+) need?

A

7.5-9

42
Q

a sophisticated biological clock that regulates a number of circadian rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle.

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

43
Q

what are the sleep problems and disturbances?

A
  1. narcolepsy
  2. sleep apnea
  3. insomia
44
Q

Is a nervous system disorder sleep disorder that is marked by excessive sleepiness and frequent daytime sleep attack.

A

narcolepsy

45
Q

Is a disorder characterized by a reduction of pause of breathing during sleep.

A

sleep apnea

46
Q

Refers to the difficulty in either going to sleep or staying asleep through the night.

A

insomia

47
Q

causes of insomia

A

• Not getting enough exercise
• Stress, whether it is short0term or long –term use of some medications and drugs
• Heavy smoking
• Too much caffeine,
especially late in the day
• Getting used to certain types of sleep

48
Q

Is one of the components of behavioral therapy for insomnia.

A

sleep hygiene

49
Q

Involves measures such as meditation and muscle relaxation or dimming the lights and playing soothing music prior to going to bed

A

relaxation therapy

50
Q

A disorder that occurs when people walk or do another activity while they are still asleep.

A

sleep walking

51
Q

Common sleep problems among children

A

night terrors

52
Q

It lasts about 5 to 30 minutes and afterwards, children usually return to a regular sleep.

A

night terrors

53
Q

is a unique state of consciousness in which we are asleep but we experience a variety f astonishing visual, auditory, and tactile images, often connected in strange ways and often in color.

A

dreaming

54
Q

Refers to a very frightening and anxiety- producing images that occur during dreaming

A

nightmare

55
Q

That we have a “censor” that protects us from realizing threatening and unconscious desires or wishes, especially those involving sex or aggression

A

Freud’s theory of Dream Interpretation

56
Q

Means that our dreams reflect the same thoughts, fears, concerns, problems, and emotions that we have when awake.

A

The theory that dreams are extensions of waking life

57
Q

Says that dreaming represents the random and meaningless activity of nerve cell in the brain

A

activation-synthesis theory

58
Q

what are the altered states of consciousness

A
  1. hypnosis
  2. meditation
  3. near-death experience (NDE)
  4. Psychoactive drugs
59
Q

Is a procedure in which a researcher, clinician or hypnotist suggests that a person will experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

A

hypnosis

60
Q

Is achieved by performing certain rituals and exercises such as focusing on one’s breathing, assuming yogic positions, concentrating on an object, or reciting a prayer or a mantra.

A

meditation

61
Q

Is any experience in which someone close to death or suffering from some trauma or disease that might lead to death perceives events that seem to be impossible, unusual, or supernatural.

A

near-death experienced

62
Q

Are chemical substances capable of altering or changing behaviors, moods, and perceptions.

A

psychoactive drugs

63
Q

Referred to as downers, are chemicals that depress the central nevrous system; thus, slowing down behavior and cognitive processes.

A

depressants

64
Q

classification of depressants

A

-alcohol
-barbiturates
-tranquilizers
-Opiates

65
Q

Is a depressants that slows brain activities.

A

alcohol

66
Q

Are used to decrease central nervous system activity.

A

barbiturates

67
Q

Reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. They have a calming effect to depressing the nervous system in a way similar to alcohol

A

tranquilizers

68
Q

Are drugs that are most commonly used for their euphoric and/or analgesic effects.

A

opiates

69
Q

opiates

A

derived from the Opium poppy plant

70
Q

Are drugs that stimulate he sympathetic nervous system and produce feelings of boundless energy.

A

stimulants

71
Q

what are the psychoactive drugs

A

-depressants
-stimulants

72
Q

what are kinds of stimulants

A

-caffeine
-nicotine
-Amphetamines
-Shabu or methamphetamine hydrocloride
-Ecstasy
-Hallucinogens
-Cannabis
-Marijuana

73
Q

Is a stimulant and a natural component of the plants that are the sources of coffee, tea, and cola drinks.

A

caffeine

74
Q

Its stimulating effects are often perceived to be beneficial for boosting energy and alertness

A

caffeine

75
Q

Is the main ingredient in all forms of smoking and smokeless tabacco.

A

nicotine

76
Q

effects include improved attention and alertness, reduced anger and anxiety, and pain relief.

A

nicotine

77
Q

Drugs used to boost energy, stay awake, or lose weight.

A

amphetamine

78
Q

They are often prescribed in the form of diet pills.

A

amphetamine

79
Q

Is an addictive stimulant that strongly activates certain systems in the brain

A

shabu or methamphetamine hydrochloride

80
Q

Is a synthetic, psychoactive drug that is chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline.

A

ecstasy

81
Q

Are drugs that can distort perceptual experiences by acting on the brain responsible for making sense of sensory massages.

A

hallucinogens

82
Q

Is the name of the plant from which the psychoactive drug marijuana is produced.

A

cannabis

83
Q

Refers to dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant

A

marijuana

84
Q

Characterized by general euphoria, a sense of well-being, and relaxation

A

marijuana

Psych 151 (13 decks)

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