13 Abnormal Psychology Flashcards by Izy Jumao-as

define
psychological disorder or abnormal
behavior as a psychological dysfunction
within an individual that is associated
with distress or impairment in
functioning and a response that is not
typical or culturally expected.

abnormal behavior

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they define
psychological disorder or abnormal
behavior as a psychological dysfunction
within an individual that is associated
with distress or impairment in
functioning and a response that is not
typical or culturally expected.

barlow and durand (2015)

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refers to the breakdown in
cognitive, emotional or
behavioral functioning.

psychological dysfunction

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models for understanding abnormal behavior

The Supernatural Tradition
Biological Approach
Psychological Approach

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Different Psychological disorders

 ANXIETY DISORDERS
 GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
 PANIC DISORDER AND AGORAPHOBIA
 SPECIFIC PHOBIA
 SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
 SELECTIVE MUTISM

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it is important in abnormal psychology

culture

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Refers to the negative mood state characterized by bodily
symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about
the future (American Psychiatric Association 2013; Barlow
2001). For over a century, psychologists have known that
one performs better when she/he is a little anxious (Yerkes
and Dodson, 1908). It is a future-oriented mood state.
People with anxiety or experiences severe anxiety needs to
be assed by psychologist because it can be a great barrier or
bother and annoyance in his/her daily life.

anxiety disorder

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experience
persistent anxiety for at least six months and are unable
to specify reasons for the anxiety.

generalized anxiety disorder

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causes of generalized anxiety disorder

biological factor
psychological and sociocultural factor

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(generalized anxiety disorder)

genetic predispositions, deficiency in
the neurotransmitter, and respiratory system.

biological factor

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(generalized anxiety disorder)

harsh self-
standards, overly strict and a critical parents,
automatic negative thoughts when feeling stressed,
and a history of uncontrollable traumas or stressors
(such as an abusive parents)

psychological and sociocultural factor

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suffers from panic attacks
may experience severe palpitations, extreme shortness of
breath, chest pains, trembles, sweating, dizziness, and a
feeling of helplessness.

panic disorder

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which is fear and avoidance of situations in which a
person feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home or to
a hospital in the event of developing panic symptoms or
other physical symptoms such as loss of bladder control.

agoraphobia

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causes of panic disorder and agoraphobia

biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors

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fear of heights

acrophobia

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Refers to the irrational fear of a
specific object or situation that
markedly interferes with an
individual’s ability to function.

specific phobia

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fear of animals

zoophobia

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fear of natural environment

biophobia

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This type of disorder is characterized by fear of being
around others, particularly in situations that call for some
kind of “performance” in front other people. Social
situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety and are
avoided or endured with intense fear anxiety. Its
expression is out of proportion to the actual threat posed
by the social situation and the sociocultural context.
Typically, it will last for six months or more.

social anxiety disorder

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Is considered a rare childhood disorder which is
characterized by a lack of speech in one or more settings
in which speaking is socially expected. Failure to speak is
not due to due to lack of knowledge of speech or any
physical difficulties. Selective mutism commonly occurs in
some settings, such as home, but not in other places, such
as school; hence, the term “selective”.

selective mutism

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Developed after relatively stressful life event ,
often an extremely stressful or traumatic life
event. This also includes attachment disorder
in childhood following inadequate or abusive
child-rearing practices, adjustment disorders
characterized by persistent anxiety and
depression following a stressful event causes
posttraumatic disorder and acute stress
disorder.

trauma- and stressor-related disorders

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Focuses on avoiding thoughts or images
of past traumatic experiences. Witnessing
or experiencing a death or threatened
death, actual or threatened or serious
injury, or actual or threatened sexual
violation and learning that the traumatic
event occurred to a close family member,
or friend, or enduring repeated exposure
to details of a traumatic event.

post traumatic stress disorder

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Other disorders in addition to
PSD:

ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
ATTACHMENT DISORDER
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT
DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER

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refers to an anxiety-
provoking thought that will not go away and/or
urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to
prevent or produce some future situation.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

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are recurrent thoughts, and compulsions are recurrent behaviors.

obsessions

other related disorder of ocd

BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (BDD) HOARDING DISORDER TRICHOTILLOMANIA (Hair Pulling disorder)

When a person becomes preoccupied with his/her health or appearance and this preoccupation becomes too great that it dominates his/her life, then his/her problem falls under the general heading.

somatic symptom and related disorder

is a condition in which individuals believe they are seriously ill and become anxious over this possibility, even though they are not experiencing any notable physical symptom at the time.

illness anxiety disorder

there is physical malfunctioning, such as paralysis, without any apparent physical problems

conversion disorder

Are types of disorders are characterized by alterations in perceptions: a sense of detachment from one’s own self, from the world, or from memories.

dissociative disorder

dissociative disorders include:

DEPERSONALIZATION-DEREALIZATION DISORDER GENERALIZED AMNESIA LOCALIZED OR SELECTIVE AMNESIA DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

are among the most common psychological disorders, and the risk of developing them is increasing worldwide, particularly in young people.

mood disorder

different kinds of mood disorders

 HYPOMANIC EPISODE  UNIPOLAR DISORDER  BIPOLAR DISORDER  CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER

Is an abnormal attempt or committing to hurt or yourself or worse kill yourself. Approximately 90 percent of individuals who commit suicide ae estimated to have a diagnosable mental disorder (NIHM, 2008, and the most common disorders among individuals who commit suicide as depression and anxiety (Blanco 2012; Nauta 2012). Depressed individuals are more highly appreciated by them.

suicide

There are three indices in understanding behaviors (suicide):

-suicidal ideation - suicidal plans - suicidal attempts

For some people, concerns about weight and body image become a serious, debilitating disorder (Lock 2012; Wilson & Zandberg 2012). For individuals, the very act of eating is an arena where a variety of complex biological, psychological, and cultural issues are played out, often with tragic consequences.

eating disorders

3 types of eating disorders

BULIMIA NERVOSA ANOREXIA NERVOSA BINGE-EATING DISORDER

is not formally considered an eating disorder in the DSM but this is one of the more dangerous epidemics confronting the world today.

obesity

The two forms of maladaptive eating patterns in people who are obese

binge eating and night eating syndrome

2 types of sleep-wake disorders

- dyssomnias - parasomnias

involve difficulties in getting enough sleep, problems with sleeping when one wants to, and complaints about the quality of sleep, such as not feeling refreshed even though one has slept the whole night.

dyssomnias

are characterized by abnormal behavioral or physiological event that occurs during sleep, such as nightmares and sleepwalking.

parasomnias

is considered a sexual dysfunction and is characterized as a lack or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, as judged by a clinician. For this to be regarded as a disorder, it must cause marked distress or interpersonal difficulties and not be better accounted for by another mental disorder, a drug.

hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) or Inhibited sexual desire (ISD)

is a disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent inability to attain sexual arousal or to maintain arousal until the completion of asexual activity. The diagnosis can also refer to an inadequate lubrication- swelling response normally present during arousal and sexual activity.

Female sexual arousal disorder (FSAD), also known as Candace syndrome, or female sexual interest/arousal disorder

is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough to have sexual intercourse. It is also sometimes also referred to as impotence.

erectile dysfunction

is the persistent or recurrent inability of a woman to have an orgasm (climax or sexual release) after adequate sexual arousal and sexual stimulation.

female orgasmic disorder

is a male sexual dysfunction characterized by ejaculation which always or nearly always occurs prior to or within about one minute of vaginal penetration.

premature ejaculation

is a common medical condition. Also called “impaired ejaculation,” this condition occurs when it takes a prolonged period of sexual stimulation for a man to ejaculate

delayed ejaculation

paraphilic disorders

 Fetishistic Disorder  Exhibitionistic Disorder  Voyeuristic Disorder  Transvestic Disorder  Sexual sadism Disorder  Sexual masochism Disorder  Pedophilic Disorder

 Sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in context of in appropriate objects or individuals.

fetishistic disorder

Sexual gratification is attained by exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers.

exhibitionistic disorder

Sexual arousal is derived from observing unsuspecting individuals undressing or naked.

voyeuristic disorder

 Individuals are sexually aroused by wearing clothing of the opposite sex.

transvestic disorder

Sexual arousal is associated with inflicting pain or humiliation

sexual sadism disorder

Sexual arousal is experiencing pain or humiliation.

sexual masochism disorder

 A strong sexual attraction toward children. Incest is a type of pedophilia in which the victim is related, often a son or daughter.

pedophilic disorder

is the formal diagnosis used by psychologists and physic ians to describe people who experience significant dysphoria (distres s) with the sex and gender they were assigned at birth.

 Gender dysphoria or gender identity disorder (GID)

 This is associated with the abuse of drugs and other substances people take to alter the way they think, feel, and behave.

substance related and addictive disorder

cannot avoid doing things that might bring harm to themselves or others. Typically, people with this problem feel some type of increasing anxiety before committing the action, like pressure building up. Then, after the action, they feel relief or even happiness, despite the possibly dangerous consequences.

impulse control disorder

Acting on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property.

intermittent explosive disorder

 A recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things that are not needed for personal use or their monetary value.

kleptomania

 An impulse-control disorder that involves having an irresistible urge to set fires.

pyromania

 Two types of disorders in which people find it difficult to function adequately during sexual relations.

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS, PARAPHILIC DISORDERS, AND GENDER DYSPHORIA

disorders of sexual desire

 Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder  Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

disorder of sexual arousal

 Erectile disorder  Female sexual interest/arousal disorder

orgasmic disorder

 Female orgasmic disorder  Male delayed or premature ejaculations

Paraphilic disorders include the following:

-fetishisttic disorder - exhibitionistic disorder - voyeuristic disorder - transvestic disorder - sexual sadism disorder - sexual masochism disorder - pedophilic disorder - incest

is a type of pedophilia in which the victim is related, often a son or daughter

incest

The essence of masculinity or femininity is a deep-seated personal sense called gender identity, or the gender one actually experiences. It is also present to those who are doubtful about their physical sex or is not consistent. People with this condition feel trapped inside a body in a wrong sex.

gender dysphoria

SUBSTANCE-RELATED, ADDICTIVE, AND IMPULSIVE-CONTROL DISORDERS

- gambling disorder IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDER Intermitted explosive disorder Kleptomania Pyromania

is a persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions, and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with work and relationship (APA, 2013)

personality disorder

Odd or Eccentric Disorders

Cluster A

Dramatic, Emotional, or Errantic

Cluster B

Anxious or Fearful disorders

cluster c

 Is a disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate emotions

SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM and OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS

SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM and OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS other disorder

Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Delusional disorder Brief psychotic disorder

This disorder shows at the early stage in life.

neurodevelopmental disorder

Disorders that usually diagnosed first in infancy, childhood, or adolescence:

 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder  Specific learning disorder Childhood speech fluency disorder (stuttering) Language disorder Tourette’s disorder  Autism spectrum disorder  Intellectual disability Conceptual Social Practical

mostly develop much later in life.

neurocognitive disorder

Two classes of cognitive disorders:

Delirium Major and mild neurocognitive disorder Alzheimer’s disease