13 Abnormal Psychology Flashcards
define
psychological disorder or abnormal
behavior as a psychological dysfunction
within an individual that is associated
with distress or impairment in
functioning and a response that is not
typical or culturally expected.
abnormal behavior
they define
psychological disorder or abnormal
behavior as a psychological dysfunction
within an individual that is associated
with distress or impairment in
functioning and a response that is not
typical or culturally expected.
barlow and durand (2015)
refers to the breakdown in
cognitive, emotional or
behavioral functioning.
psychological dysfunction
models for understanding abnormal behavior
The Supernatural Tradition
Biological Approach
Psychological Approach
Different Psychological disorders
ANXIETY DISORDERS
GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
PANIC DISORDER AND AGORAPHOBIA
SPECIFIC PHOBIA
SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER
SELECTIVE MUTISM
it is important in abnormal psychology
culture
Refers to the negative mood state characterized by bodily
symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about
the future (American Psychiatric Association 2013; Barlow
2001). For over a century, psychologists have known that
one performs better when she/he is a little anxious (Yerkes
and Dodson, 1908). It is a future-oriented mood state.
People with anxiety or experiences severe anxiety needs to
be assed by psychologist because it can be a great barrier or
bother and annoyance in his/her daily life.
anxiety disorder
experience
persistent anxiety for at least six months and are unable
to specify reasons for the anxiety.
generalized anxiety disorder
causes of generalized anxiety disorder
- biological factor
- psychological and sociocultural factor
(generalized anxiety disorder)
genetic predispositions, deficiency in
the neurotransmitter, and respiratory system.
biological factor
(generalized anxiety disorder)
harsh self-
standards, overly strict and a critical parents,
automatic negative thoughts when feeling stressed,
and a history of uncontrollable traumas or stressors
(such as an abusive parents)
psychological and sociocultural factor
suffers from panic attacks
may experience severe palpitations, extreme shortness of
breath, chest pains, trembles, sweating, dizziness, and a
feeling of helplessness.
panic disorder
which is fear and avoidance of situations in which a
person feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home or to
a hospital in the event of developing panic symptoms or
other physical symptoms such as loss of bladder control.
agoraphobia
causes of panic disorder and agoraphobia
biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors
fear of heights
acrophobia
Refers to the irrational fear of a
specific object or situation that
markedly interferes with an
individual’s ability to function.
specific phobia
fear of animals
zoophobia
fear of natural environment
biophobia
This type of disorder is characterized by fear of being
around others, particularly in situations that call for some
kind of “performance” in front other people. Social
situations almost always provoke fear or anxiety and are
avoided or endured with intense fear anxiety. Its
expression is out of proportion to the actual threat posed
by the social situation and the sociocultural context.
Typically, it will last for six months or more.
social anxiety disorder
Is considered a rare childhood disorder which is
characterized by a lack of speech in one or more settings
in which speaking is socially expected. Failure to speak is
not due to due to lack of knowledge of speech or any
physical difficulties. Selective mutism commonly occurs in
some settings, such as home, but not in other places, such
as school; hence, the term “selective”.
selective mutism
- Developed after relatively stressful life event ,
often an extremely stressful or traumatic life
event. This also includes attachment disorder
in childhood following inadequate or abusive
child-rearing practices, adjustment disorders
characterized by persistent anxiety and
depression following a stressful event causes
posttraumatic disorder and acute stress
disorder.
trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Focuses on avoiding thoughts or images
of past traumatic experiences. Witnessing
or experiencing a death or threatened
death, actual or threatened or serious
injury, or actual or threatened sexual
violation and learning that the traumatic
event occurred to a close family member,
or friend, or enduring repeated exposure
to details of a traumatic event.
post traumatic stress disorder
Other disorders in addition to
PSD:
ADJUSTMENT DISORDER
ATTACHMENT DISORDER
REACTIVE ATTACHMENT
DISINHIBITED SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT DISORDER
refers to an anxiety-
provoking thought that will not go away and/or
urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to
prevent or produce some future situation.
obsessive-compulsive disorder
are recurrent thoughts, and compulsions
are recurrent behaviors.
obsessions
other related disorder of ocd
BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER (BDD)
HOARDING DISORDER
TRICHOTILLOMANIA (Hair Pulling
disorder)
When a person becomes preoccupied with his/her health
or appearance and this preoccupation becomes too
great that it dominates his/her life, then his/her problem
falls under the general heading.
somatic symptom and related disorder
is a condition in which individuals
believe they are seriously ill and become anxious over
this possibility, even though they are not experiencing
any notable physical symptom at the time.
illness anxiety disorder
there is physical malfunctioning,
such as paralysis, without any apparent physical
problems
conversion disorder
Are types of disorders are characterized
by alterations in perceptions: a sense of
detachment from one’s own self, from
the world, or from memories.
dissociative disorder
dissociative disorders include:
DEPERSONALIZATION-DEREALIZATION DISORDER
GENERALIZED AMNESIA
LOCALIZED OR SELECTIVE AMNESIA
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER
are among the most common psychological
disorders, and the risk of developing them is increasing worldwide,
particularly in young people.
mood disorder
different kinds of mood disorders
HYPOMANIC EPISODE
UNIPOLAR DISORDER
BIPOLAR DISORDER
CYCLOTHYMIC DISORDER
Is an abnormal attempt or committing to hurt or yourself or
worse kill yourself. Approximately 90 percent of individuals
who commit suicide ae estimated to have a diagnosable
mental disorder (NIHM, 2008, and the most common disorders
among individuals who commit suicide as depression and
anxiety (Blanco 2012; Nauta 2012). Depressed individuals are
more highly appreciated by them.
suicide
There are three indices in understanding behaviors (suicide):
-suicidal ideation
- suicidal plans
- suicidal attempts
For some people, concerns about weight and body image become a serious, debilitating disorder (Lock 2012; Wilson & Zandberg 2012). For individuals, the very act of eating is an arena where a variety of complex biological, psychological, and cultural issues are played out, often with tragic consequences.
eating disorders
3 types of eating disorders
BULIMIA NERVOSA
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
BINGE-EATING DISORDER
is not formally considered an eating disorder in
the DSM but this is one of the more dangerous epidemics
confronting the world today.
obesity
The two forms of
maladaptive eating patterns in people who are obese
binge eating and night eating syndrome
2 types of sleep-wake disorders
- dyssomnias
- parasomnias
involve difficulties in getting enough sleep,
problems with sleeping when one wants to, and complaints about
the quality of sleep, such as not feeling refreshed even though one
has slept the whole night.
dyssomnias
are characterized by abnormal behavioral or
physiological event that occurs during sleep, such as nightmares and
sleepwalking.
parasomnias
is considered
a sexual dysfunction and is
characterized as a lack or absence
of sexual fantasies and desire for
sexual activity, as judged by a
clinician. For this to be regarded
as a disorder, it must cause
marked distress or interpersonal
difficulties and not be better
accounted for by another mental
disorder, a drug.
hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) or Inhibited sexual desire (ISD)
is a disorder characterized by a
persistent or recurrent inability
to attain sexual arousal or to
maintain arousal until the
completion of asexual activity.
The diagnosis can also refer to
an inadequate lubrication-
swelling response normally
present during arousal and
sexual activity.
Female sexual arousal
disorder (FSAD), also known
as Candace syndrome, or female
sexual interest/arousal disorder
is the inability to get or
keep an erection firm
enough to have sexual
intercourse. It is also
sometimes also referred
to as impotence.
erectile dysfunction
is the
persistent or recurrent
inability of a woman to
have an orgasm (climax or
sexual release) after
adequate sexual arousal
and sexual stimulation.
female orgasmic disorder
is a
male sexual dysfunction
characterized by
ejaculation which always or
nearly always occurs prior to
or within about one minute of
vaginal penetration.
premature ejaculation
is a
common medical condition.
Also called
“impaired ejaculation,” this
condition occurs when it takes
a prolonged period of sexual
stimulation for a man
to ejaculate
delayed ejaculation
paraphilic disorders
Fetishistic Disorder
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Voyeuristic Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
Sexual sadism Disorder
Sexual masochism Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder
Sexual arousal occurs
almost exclusively in
context of in appropriate
objects or individuals.
fetishistic disorder
Sexual gratification is
attained by exposing one’s
genitals to unsuspecting
strangers.
exhibitionistic disorder
Sexual arousal is derived
from observing
unsuspecting individuals
undressing or naked.
voyeuristic disorder
Individuals are sexually
aroused by wearing
clothing of the opposite
sex.
transvestic disorder
Sexual arousal is associated
with inflicting pain or
humiliation
sexual sadism disorder
Sexual arousal is
experiencing pain or
humiliation.
sexual masochism disorder
A strong sexual attraction
toward children. Incest is a
type of pedophilia in which
the victim is related, often a
son or daughter.
pedophilic disorder
is the
formal diagnosis used
by psychologists and physic
ians to describe people
who experience
significant dysphoria (distres
s) with
the sex and gender they
were assigned at birth.
Gender
dysphoria or gender
identity disorder (GID)
This is associated with the
abuse of drugs and other
substances people take to
alter the way they think,
feel, and behave.
substance related and addictive disorder
cannot
avoid doing things that
might bring harm to
themselves or others.
Typically, people with this
problem feel some type of
increasing anxiety before
committing the action, like
pressure building up. Then,
after the action, they feel
relief or even happiness,
despite the possibly
dangerous consequences.
impulse control disorder
Acting on aggressive
impulses that result in
serious assaults or
destruction of property.
intermittent explosive disorder
A recurrent failure to resist
urges to steal things that
are not needed for
personal use or their
monetary value.
kleptomania
An impulse-control disorder
that involves having an
irresistible urge to set fires.
pyromania
Two types of disorders in which people find it difficult to function
adequately during sexual relations.
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS,
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS, AND
GENDER DYSPHORIA
disorders of sexual desire
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
disorder of sexual arousal
Erectile disorder
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
orgasmic disorder
Female orgasmic disorder
Male delayed or premature ejaculations
Paraphilic disorders include the following:
-fetishisttic disorder
- exhibitionistic disorder
- voyeuristic disorder
- transvestic disorder
- sexual sadism disorder
- sexual masochism disorder
- pedophilic disorder
- incest
is a type of pedophilia in which the victim is related, often
a son or daughter
incest
The essence of masculinity or femininity is a deep-seated
personal sense called gender identity, or the gender one
actually experiences. It is also present to those who are doubtful
about their physical sex or is not consistent. People with this
condition feel trapped inside a body in a wrong sex.
gender dysphoria
SUBSTANCE-RELATED, ADDICTIVE,
AND IMPULSIVE-CONTROL DISORDERS
- gambling disorder
IMPULSE CONTROL DISORDER
Intermitted explosive disorder
Kleptomania
Pyromania
is a persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions,
and behavior that results in enduring emotional distress for the
person affected and/or for others and may cause difficulties with
work and relationship (APA, 2013)
personality disorder
Odd or Eccentric Disorders
Cluster A
Dramatic, Emotional, or Errantic
Cluster B
Anxious or Fearful disorders
cluster c
Is a disorder characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive and
emotional dysfunctions including delusions and hallucinations,
disorganized speech and behavior, inappropriate emotions
SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM
and OTHER PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS
SCHIZOPHRENIA SPECTRUM
and OTHER PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS other disorder
Schizophreniform disorder
Schizoaffective disorder
Delusional disorder
Brief psychotic disorder
This disorder shows at the early stage in life.
neurodevelopmental disorder
Disorders that usually diagnosed first in infancy, childhood, or adolescence:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Specific learning disorder
Childhood speech fluency disorder (stuttering)
Language disorder
Tourette’s disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Intellectual disability
Conceptual
Social
Practical
mostly develop
much later in life.
neurocognitive disorder
Two classes of cognitive disorders:
Delirium
Major and mild neurocognitive disorder
Alzheimer’s disease
