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Psych 151 > 1 Nature and Scope of Psychology > Flashcards

1 Nature and Scope of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

come from the root word psyche

A

mind

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2
Q

formally defined as a scientific study of behavioral and mental processes

A

Psychology

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3
Q

What is Overt

A

Seen

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4
Q

What is Covert

A

Hidden

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5
Q

What is Rational

A

Think Over

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6
Q

What is Irrational

A

Emotion Overflows

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7
Q

What is conscious

A

Awareness

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8
Q

What is unconscious

A

less aware

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9
Q

what is simple

A

one or two way that works for you

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10
Q

Goals

A

describe, explain, control and predict

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11
Q

What are the school of thoughts?

A

Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt Approach, Psychoanalytic Approach

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12
Q

It is the study of conscious experience

A

Structuralism

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13
Q

He founded psychology as an academic discipline in 1979

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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14
Q

He establish the 1st psychology laboratory in the university of Leipzig, germany

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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15
Q

THE STUDY OF THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS, PRIMARILY SENSATIONS & PERCEPTIONS THAT MAKE UP OUR CONSCIOUS MENTAL EXPERIENCES.

A

Structuralism

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16
Q

thought to be the necessary tool

A

introspection

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17
Q

It is the functions of the mind

A

Functionalism

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18
Q

HE VIEWED MENTAL ACTIVITIES AS HAVING DEVELOPED THROUGH AGES OF EVOLUTION.

A

William James

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19
Q

HE PUBLISHED THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY

A

William James

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20
Q

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER THAN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

A

Functionalism

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21
Q

THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER THAN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

A

Functionalism

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22
Q

Observable Behaviors

A

Behaviorism

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23
Q

HE REJECTED THE VIEW OF FUNCTIONALISM & STRUCTURALISM BY HIS BOOK ENTITLED “PSYCHOLOGY AS A BEHAVIORIST VIEWS IT”

A

John B. Watson

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24
Q

HE SUPPORTEDBEHAVIORISM &
POPULARIZED THIS APPROACH

A

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

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25
Q

FOCUSED ON HOW OBSERVABLE RESPONSES ARE LEARNED, MODIFIED, OR FORGOTTEN.

A

Stimulus Response Psychology

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26
Q

HIS THEORIES & METHODS PERMEATED PSYCHOLOGY HAVE BECOME POPULAR ESP. HIS TECHNIQUES ON REINFORCEMENT & CONTROLLING THE CONSEQUENCES THAT FOLLOW BEHAVIOR.

A

Burrhus Frederick Skinner

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27
Q

THIS APPROACH STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING & THE ENVIRONMENT.

A

Stimulus Response Psychology

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28
Q

Who are associated in the Gestalt Approach

A

Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka

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29
Q

AN APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGY THAT FOCUSES ON THE ORGANIZATION OF PERCEPTION & THINKING IN A “WHOLE” SENSE RATHER THAN IN THE INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF PERCEPTION.

A

Gestalt Approach

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30
Q

it means form or configuration

A

gestalt

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31
Q

HE DEVELOPED THIS APPROACH IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA.

A

Sigmund Freud

32
Q

IT BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LATER PERSONALITY TRAITS & PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.

A

Psychoanalytic Approach

33
Q

This Emphasized the influence of unconscious fears, desires, & motivations on thoughts & behaviors.

A

Psychoanalytic Approach

34
Q

What are the Contemporary Approaches in Understanding Behavior

A

Cognitive Approach, Biological or Behavioral Neuroscience Approach, Humanistic Approach, Sociocultural Approach, Evolutionary Psychology Approach

35
Q

IT IS CONCERNED WITH MENTAL PROCESSES SUCH AS PERCEIVING, REMEMBERING, REASONING, DECIDING, & PROBLEM SOLVING.

A

Cognitive Approach

36
Q

EMPHASIZE ON FREE WILL

THIS APPROACH ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE THEIR OWN CHOICES

A

Humanistic Approach

37
Q

Who are associated in the Humanistic Approach?

A

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

38
Q

THIS STUDIES THE WAYS BY WHICH SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE BEHAVIORS.

A

Sociocultural Approach

39
Q

STRESSES THE IMPORTANCE OF ADAPTATION, REPRODUCTION, & SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST IN EXPLAINING BEHAVIOR.

A

Evolutionary Approach

40
Q

What are the Models of Studying Behavior?

A

Introspection Method, Historical Method, Descriptive Method, Experimental Method, Quasi-Experimental Design

41
Q

It is introduced by St. Augustine

A

Introspection

42
Q

A METHOD OF MENTAL SELF-ANALYSIS WHEREIN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCHER RECORDS HIS OWN FEELINGS& EXPERIENCES, ANALYZES, & LATER INTERPRETS THEM.

A

Introspection Method

43
Q

IT DEALS WITH THE PAST RECORDED DATA OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR PHENOMENON.

A

Historical Method

44
Q

What are the subtypes of historical method

A

Daybook method, biographical method, autobiographical method, cumulative record, anecdotal record

45
Q

REFERS TO THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF THE OBSERVED INDIVIDUAL STARTING FROM DAY 1 TO PRESENT.

A

Daybook Method

46
Q

IS DONE BY ANALYZING THE RECORDSAND DOCUMENTS PERTAINING TO THE INDIVIDUAL OR EVENT BEING INVESTIGATED

A

Biographical Method

47
Q

IS THE CAREFUL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE LIFE OF THE INDIVIDUAL BEING INVESTIGATED

A

Autobiographical Method

48
Q

REFERS TO THE GATHERED DATA/INFORMATION ON THE STUDENT’S PERSONAL & ACADEMIC BACKGROUNDS

A

Cumulative Record

49
Q

CONSTITUTE THE DESCRIPTIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S UNUSUAL OR UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR IN A GIVEN SITUATION OR EVENTS

A

Anecdotal Record

50
Q

IS DONE BY DESCRIBING THE RESPONDENT’S BEHAVIOR OR PHENOMENA WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH THE BEHAVIOR ITSELF,

A

Descriptive Method

51
Q

What re the essentials of understanding psychology

A

archival research, naturalistic observation, survey, case-study

52
Q

IS DONE TROUGH EXAMINATION OF EXISTING DATA.

A

Archival Research

53
Q

IT IS SIMPLY BY OBSERVING SOME NATURALLY OCCURRING BEHAVIOR & DOES NOT MAKE A CHANGE IN THE SITUATION.

A

Naturalistic Observation

54
Q

IT IS A WAY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION BY ASKING PEOPLE ABOUT A PARTICULAR SUBJECT OR EVENT.

A

SURVEY

55
Q

AN IN-DEPTH, INTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE.

A

Case-study

56
Q

A RESEARCH APPROACH THAT USES EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES & DEPENDENT VARIABLES.

A

Experimental Method

57
Q

IT IS USED TO DEMONSTRATE BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBJECTS.

A

Quasi-Experimental Design

58
Q

IT IS A SPECIALTY WHICH DEALS WITH THE DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT OF EMOTIONAL & BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS.

A

Clinical Psychology

59
Q

IT IS CONCERNED WITH PERSONAL ISSUES.

A

Counseling Psychology

60
Q

DEALS WITH THE APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES & RESEARCH METHODS IN THE WORKPLACE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY, SERVICE, & QUALITY OF WORK LIFE.

A

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

61
Q

INVOLVES THE STUDY F PSYCHOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT & THE FACTORS THAT SHAPE BEHAVIOR FROM BIRTH TO OLD AGE.

A

Developmental Psychology

62
Q

FOCUSES ON HOW PEOPLE THINK, INFLUENCE, & RELATE WITH ONE ANOTHER, & ON THE WAYS INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PEOPLE INFLUENCE ATTITUDES & BEHAVIORS.

A

Social Psychology

63
Q

EMPLOYS BEHAVIORAL & COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES AS WELL AS THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IN STUDYING HOW PEOPLE REACT TO SENSORY STIMULI, PERCEIVE THE WORLD, LEARN, REMEMBER, & RESPOND.

A

Experimental Psychology

64
Q

DEALS WITH THE EVALUATION OF LEARNING & EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE ACADEME.

A

School & Educational Psychology

65
Q

CONCERNED WITH THE MOTIVATION, PERCEPTION, LEARNING, & DECISION- MAKING OF CONSUMERS.

A

Consumer Psychology

66
Q

REFERS TO THE STUDY OF HOW PEOPLE & MACHINES ARE RELATED & HOW TO IMPROVE THIS RELATIONSHIP

A

Engineering Psychology

67
Q

DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE PHYSICAL, TEMPORAL, & SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF WORK ON THE WORKER.

A

Environmental Psychology

68
Q

APPLIES PSYCHOLOGY TO THE LAW & LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

A

Forensic Psychology

69
Q

APPLIES THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH & ILLNESS.

A

Health Psychology

70
Q

THE STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VIOLENCE, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, PEACE MAKING, & THE PURSUIT OF SOCIAL JUSTICE.

A

Peace Psychology

71
Q

THE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES & THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY THEORIES & TESTS FOR ASSESSING PERSONALITY TRAITS

A

Personality Psychology

72
Q

STUDIES THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR & THE EFFECT OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM N THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, & MOTIVES OF INDIVIDUALS

A

Political Psychology

73
Q

EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF PROMOTING RESEARCH ON WOMEN

A

Psychology of Women

74
Q

APPLIES THEORIES AND KNOWLEDGE IN PSYCHOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES & COACHES

A

Sports Psychology

75
Q

he is a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning

A

Ivan Pavlov

Psych 151 (13 decks)

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