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Psych 151 > 12 Social Psychology > Flashcards

12 Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

has been defined as the study of how people think about,
influence, and relate to other people and on how people’s thoughts, feelings, and
actions are affected by others

A

social psychology

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2
Q

is the area of social psychology that explores how people
select, interpret, remember, and use social information

A

social cognition

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3
Q

refers to seeing someone and then forming impression
and making judgments about that person’s likability and the kind of person he
or she is.

A

person perception

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4
Q

what are the four factors that influence your judgement

A
  • physical appearance
  • need to explain
  • Influence on behavior.
  • Effects on race.
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5
Q

This factor influences your initial impressions and judgments of a person

A

physical appearance

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6
Q

When you see a person, you don’t just look at him/her, but rather you try to
explain why he looks, dresses, or behaves in a certain way.

A

need to explain

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7
Q

The first impression you have on a person influences how you would
interact with a person.

A

influence on behavior

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8
Q

This means we may perceive faces that are racially different from our own
in a biased way because they do not appear as distinct as faces from our won race.

A

effects on race

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9
Q

has been recognized as a powerful social cue

A

physical attractiveness

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10
Q

is a general belief about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any
variations from one individual to another.

A

stereotype

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11
Q

two major functions of stereotype

A
  • Thought – saving device.
  • Alertness and survival
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12
Q

In making social decisions, stereotypes help us conserve
time and energy thus make quick (and sometimes inaccurate) decisions by not
having to analyze an overwhelming amount of personal and social information.

A

thought-saving device

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13
Q

It makes us alert and
cautious around members of an unfamiliar group.

A

alertness and survival

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14
Q

helps us get explanation on the underlying causes of a person’s
behaviors (situational and dispositional).

A

attribution theory

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15
Q

are based on the external circumstances or situations which are
outside the person

A

situational causes

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16
Q

(based on her internal traits or personality characteristics)

A

dispositional cause

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17
Q

Typical attribution biases include the following:

A
  • halo effect
  • assumed-similarity bias
  • self-serving bias
  • fundamental attribution error
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18
Q

refers to a phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has
positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics.

A

halo effect

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19
Q

would occur when we assume that people’s attitudes, opinions,
likes and dislikes are fairly similar with ours even when we just meet them for the first time.

A

assumed-similarly bias

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20
Q

refers to the tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors
(skill, ability or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself.

A

self-serving bias

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21
Q

refers to the tendency to over attribute others’ behavior
to dispositional causes and the corresponding minimization of the importance of situational
causes.

A

fundamental attribution error

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22
Q

is any belief or opinion that includes an evaluation of some object, person,
or event along a continuum from negative to positive and that predisposes us to act in a
certain way toward that object, person, or event.

A

attitude

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23
Q

This component of attitude includes both thoughts and beliefs
that are involved in evaluating some object, person, or idea.

A

cognitive component

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24
Q

involves emotional feelings that can be weak or strong,
positive or negative.

A

affective component

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25
Q

involves performing or not performing some behavior.

A

behavioral component

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26
Q

3 components of attitudes

A
  • cognitive component
  • affective component
  • behavioral component
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27
Q

Attitudes are form on the basis of our personal experiences

A

attitude formation

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28
Q

Just as attitudes guide behavior, several evidences also exist that
changes in behavior sometimes precede changes in attitudes

A

attitude change

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29
Q

two popular theories that explain why people change their attitudes:

A
  • cognitive dissonance
  • self-perception theory
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30
Q

It is an uncomfortable state that occurs when our outward
behavior doesn’t match our attitude.

A

cognitive dissonance

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31
Q

was conceptualized by Daryl Bem (1967). It says that we
first observe or perceive our own behavior and then, as a result, we change our
attitude.

A

self-perception theory

32
Q

is described as the process of changing attitudes; one of the central concepts of
social psychology.

A

persuasion

33
Q

two primary information-processing routes to persuasion and they
are:

A
  • central route processing
  • peripheral route processing
34
Q

occurs when the recipient thoughtfully and carefully
considers the issues and arguments involved in persuasion.

A

central route processing

35
Q

occurs when people are persuaded on the basis of
factors unrelated to the nature or quality of the content of a persuasive message.

A

peripheral route processing

36
Q

Groups typically have rules for behavior, known as

A

social norms

37
Q

can be explicit, or conscious;
can also be implicit, or unconscious.

A

social norms

38
Q

refers to a change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow
the beliefs or standard of other people

A

conformity

39
Q

occurs when we simply agree to do something because another person asks
us to do it, even if that person has no authority over us.

A

compliance

40
Q

refers to the performance of some behaviors in response to an order given
by someone in a position of power and authority.

A

obedience

41
Q

3 approaches of aggression

A
  • instinct theories
  • frustration-aggression theory
  • observational learning
42
Q

refers to social behavior whose objective is to harm someone,
either physically or verbally.

A

aggression

43
Q

propose that aggression is primarily the outcome of innate or inborn urges.

A

instinct theories

44
Q

Lorenz an ethologist (a scientist who studies animal behavior)asserted that aggressive energy
constantly builds up in an individual until the person finally discharges it in a process

A

catharsis

45
Q

suggests that frustration produces anger, leading to a
readiness to act aggressively.

A

frustration-aggression theory

46
Q

asserts that people learn to behave aggressively by observing
aggressive models and by having their aggressive responses reinforced

A

observational learning

47
Q

which is also called helping, is any behavior that benefits others or
has positive social consequences

A

prosocial behavior

48
Q

an unselfish interest in helping another person

A

altruism

49
Q

In contrast to
altruism is _____ which involves giving to another person to gain self-esteem

A

egoism

50
Q

means that we behave kindly under the assumption that
someone will show us the same kindness someday

A

principle of reciprocity

51
Q

a group togetherness, which is determined by how much group
members perceived that they share common attributes

A

group cohesion

52
Q

which is described as formal or informal rules about how group members
should behave, can exert powerful influences, both good and bad, on group member’s
behaviors

A

group norm

53
Q

states that we are driven to compare ourselves to others who are
similar to us, so that we can measure the correctness of our attitudes and beliefs

A

social comparison theory

54
Q

group membership

A

social comparison theory

55
Q

group influence

A
  • deindividuation
  • social contagion
56
Q

the increased tendency for subjects to behave irrationally or perform
antisocial behaviors when there is less chance of being personally identified .

A

deindividuation

57
Q

is defined as an imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior,
emotions, and ideas

A

social contagion

58
Q

group performance

A

Social facilitation

59
Q

occurs when the presence of other people changes individual performance

A

social facilitation

60
Q

refers to a person’s tendency to exert less effort in a group because of
reduced accountability for individual effort. Its effect is lowered performance

A

social facilitation

61
Q

Being in a group creates social pressures that influence how we think and
make decisions.

A

group decision making

62
Q

2 important factors to consider to understand group decision making

A
  • group polarization
  • group think
63
Q

When individuals discussed the dilemmas as a group, they were more willing to
endorse riskier decisions than when they were queried alone

A

group polarization

64
Q

Refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right
decision is less important than maintaining group harmony

A

group think

65
Q

(interpersonal attraction) factors that initially attract two people to each other

A
  • proximity or physical closeness
  • mere exposure
  • similarity
  • physical attractiveness
66
Q

You are more likely to become
attracted to an individual you pass in the corridor everyday than
someone you rarely see.

A

proximity or physical closeness

67
Q

This concept stresses that repeated exposure to a
person is often sufficient to produce attraction.

A

mere exposure

68
Q

Knowing that others have similar attitudes, values, or
traits makes us like them more.

A

similarity

69
Q

People who are physically attractive are
more popular than physically unattractive ones.

A

physical attractiveness

70
Q

starts with sharing personal information about yourself which
follows a regular progression as people become more intimate with each other.

A

building relationship

71
Q

sternberg’s triangular theory of love

A
  • decision/commitment
  • intimacy
  • passion
72
Q

the initial thoughts that one loves someone and the intent to
maintain the relationship over time.

A

decision/commitment

73
Q

refers to the feelings of closeness and connectedness.

A

intimacy

74
Q

the motivational drives relating to sex, physical closeness, and romance.

A

passion

75
Q

people continue to use openness
and self-disclosure as relationship mature, along with
participation in joint activities, provision of reassurance, and
communication

A

maintaining relationship

76
Q

There are times when maintaining a relationship is
difficult, one of the reasons could be that one person is
just wrong for someone. A sense of inequity or unfairness
in a relationship may also cause it to end

A

ending relationship

Psych 151 (13 decks)

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