4 Sensation and Perception Flashcards
refers to the process in which a sense organ changes or transforms physical energy into electrical signals that become neural impulses.
Transduction
refers to the decreasing response of the sense organs.
adaptation
are relatively meaningless bits of information that result when the brain processes electrical signals that come from the sense organs.
sensations
are meaningful sensory experiences that result after the brain combines hundreds of sensations.
perceptions
what are the sense organs
- hearing
- taste
- sight
- smell
- touch
are organs that detect light and send signals along the optic nerve to the visual and the areas of the brain
eyes
is a rounded, transparent covering over the front of your eye.
cornea
is a circular muscle that surrounds the pupil and controls the amount of light entering the eye.
iris
is a transparent oval structure whose curve
surface bends and focuses light waves into an even narrower beam.
lens
located at the very back of eyeball, is a thin film that contains cells that are extremely sensitive to light
retina
is the light-
sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye.
macula
carries the impulses to the brain which processes the image and enables you to see the object.
optic nerve
is the round opening at the front of your eye that allows light waves to pass into eye’s interior.
pupil
refers to a fluid (or semifluid) substance.
aqueous humor
are organs that detect sounds.
ears
They function as the organs of hearing and equilibrium
ears
They have two different structure for each of these functions.
ears
is the part of the ear we see structures
outer ear
is the oval- shaped structure that protrudes from the side of the hide.
pinna
is a passage way that leads from the outside of the head to the tympanic or eardrum membrane of each ear.
auditory canal
is a taut, thin structure commonly called as eardrum.
tympanic membrane
are three small bones: the hammer , the anvil, and the stirrup.
middle ear
contains two main structures that are sealed in bony cavities: the cochlea, which is involved in hearing, and the vestibular system, which is involved in balance.
inner ear
is a skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing and swallowing (deglutition
tongue
is called the chemical sense because the stimuli are various chemical.
taste
what are the 4 basic taste
- sweet
- salty
- bitter
- sour
anatomically, a nose is a vertebrate respiratory organ that covers two nostrils in humans.
nose
is called a chemical sense because its stimuli are various chemicals that are carried by the air.
olfaction
what are the functions of olfaction
- to intensity the taste of food
- to warn us of potentially dangerous food
is the outer covering of the body.
skin
is the top layer of the skin and the one you can actually see.
epidermis
the layer that lies underneath the epidermis, is composed entirely of living cells.
dermis
they rise to the surface of the skin to eliminate waste matter.
lower dermis
refers to a point above which a stimulus is perceived and below which a stimulus is perceived and below which it is not perceived.
threshold
on one hand, refers to the intensity level of a stimulus such that a person will have a 50% chance detecting it.
absolute threshold
on the others, refers to the intensity that gives a person less than a 50% chance of stimulus (plotnik, 2002) .
subliminal threshold
Is one of the five complex perceptual modes by which human beings interact with the environment.
visual perceptual system
determining where objects
localization
discerning what objects and keeping the appearance of objects
recognition
even if their images in the eye are changing (teh & macapagal, 2007).
constant
Describe why certain figural elements seem to be perceived together, rather than as isolated, are independent units.
gestalt principles of grouping
is the tendency to perceive objects as retaining the same size even when their images in the retina change in.
size constancy
is the tendency to see an object as remaining the same shape regardless of the viewing angle and despite the considerable change in the shape of its image on the retina.
shape constancy
is the tendency of the perceiver to perceive objects as remaining in the sameposition,place or location despite the changing location of the retina.
location constancy
is the tendency of the perceiver to perceive colors as remaining the same despite variation in lighting.
color constancy
is the tendency to perceive brightness as remaining the same even when the amount of light reflected from them changes.
brightness constancy
is the ability to perceive things beyond the natural range of the senses.
clairvoyance
is the direct transference of thought and/or feelings from one person to another, without using the five known senses.
telepathy
is the direct knowledge or perception of the future, obtained through extrasensory means
precognition
PK) or telekinesis is the ability to move things with one’s mind.
psychokinesis
