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Advanced Spanish Grammer > 5. Comands and requests > Flashcards

5. Comands and requests Flashcards

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1
Q

Don’t touch that!

A

¡No toques eso!

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2
Q

Don’t be late!

A

¡No llegues tarde!

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3
Q

Don’t touch anything, boys!

A

No toquen nada, chicos.

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4
Q

Boys, don’t do that.

A

Chicos, no hagan eso.

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5
Q

You close the door!

A

¡Cierra la puerta, tú! (the use of the subject pronoun can express rudeness or to make a distinction)

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6
Q

(let’s) attack!

A

¡Ataquemos!

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7
Q

Let’s do it!

A

Hagánmoslo nosotros.

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8
Q

Let’s eat.

A

Vamos a comer.

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9
Q

Let’s see.

A

Vamos a ver.

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10
Q

Let’s talk.

A

Vamos a hablar.

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11
Q

Let’s not do it yet.

A

No lo hagamos todavía.

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12
Q

Let’s not go to the movies.

A

No vayamos al cine.

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13
Q

Let’s give them a surprise.

A

Vamos a darles una sorpresa.

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14
Q

Let/have them vinish their homework.

A

Que terminen (ellos) sus deberes.

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15
Q

Let/have Antonio carry the suitcases.

A

Que lleve Antonio las maletas.

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16
Q

Let/have Juan come at three.

A

Que Juan (él) venga a las tres.

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17
Q

They must finish this before Monday.

A

Deben terminar esto estés del lunes.

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18
Q

She is to know this.

A

Ella ha de saber esto.

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19
Q

They must wash the car.

A

Ellos tienen que lavar el auto.

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20
Q

No tener que can be ambiguous, since it can also express lack of obligation. When in doubt, use ____ or ___ ___ in the negative.

A

deber or haber de

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21
Q

They mustn’t run through the halls.

A

No deben correr por los pasillos.

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21
Q

She isn’t to read this letter.

A

Ella no ha de leer esta carta.

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22
Q

The students will go to bed at ten.

A

Los estudiantes se acostarán a las diez.

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23
Q

You will study from 5 to 9.

A

Estudiarás de cinco a nueve.

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24
Q

You will not play with the computer.

A

No jugarás con el ordenador.

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25
Q

You are to clean this before going to bed.

A

Has de limpiar esto antes de acostarte.

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26
Q

You mustn’t push your brother! (tener que)

A

¡No tienes que empujar a tu hermano!

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27
Q

You can’t smoke here. (poder)

A

No puedes fumar aquí.

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28
Q

She can’t come tomorrow. (poder)

A

Ella no puede venir mañana.

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29
Q

I don’t want you to mention that.

A

No quiero que (tú) menciona eso.

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30
Q

Am I allowed to use the computer?

A

¿Me está permitido usar el computadora?

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31
Q

Am I allowed to eat here?

A

¿Se me permite comer aquí?

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32
Q

May I come it?

A

¿Me permite (usted) entrar?

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33
Q

May I read your paper?

A

¿Me permites leer tu periódico.

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34
Q

Can I use the telephone? (permitir) (usted)

A

¿Me permite usted usar el teléfono?

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35
Q

____ is slightly more informal than permitir.

A

Dejar (let/allow)

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36
Q

Will you let me use your pen? (deber)

A

¿Me dejas usar tu bolígrafo?

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37
Q

I was wondering if I could use yours.

A

Me preguntaba si podía usar el tuyo.

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38
Q

I would like you to help me. (gustar)

A

Me gustaría que (tú) me ayudaras.

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39
Q

Would you be so kind as to let me come in? (ser) (usted)

A

¿Sería usted tan amable de dejarme entrar?

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40
Q

Would you be so kind as to pass me the water? (Ser, tú)

A

¿Serías tan amable de pasarme el agua?

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41
Q

If you would follow me . . . (querer, usted)

A

¿Si quisiera (usted) seguirme . . .

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42
Q

Can you repair this for me?

A

¿Me arreglas esto?

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43
Q

Do you repair this?

A

¿Arreglas esto?

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44
Q

Can you pass me the salt, please?

A

¿Me pasas la sal, por favor?

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45
Q

Lend me your newspaper, please.

A

Préstame tu periódico, por favor.

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46
Q

Waiter, please, give me the bill. (usted)

A

Camarero, por favor, deme la cuenta.

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47
Q

Instead of gustar, the conditional form of the verb ___ is very often used, especially when no infinitive follows.

A

querer

48
Q

Would you pass me the bread, please?
I would like to see Mr. Gálvez.
I would like a coffee.

A

¿Querrías pasarme el pan, por favor?
Querría ver al señor Gálvez.
Querría un cáfe.

49
Q

I would like/I wanted to talk with Mrs. Jackson.

A

Quería hablar con la señora Jackson.

50
Q

____ in the present is used to translate the English verb ‘will’ in requests.

A

querer

51
Q

Will you sit down, please?

A

¿Quieres sentarte, por favor?

52
Q

Would you come with me? (usted)

A

¿Querría usted venir conmigo?

53
Q

In english, ‘as’ is used when second action takes place before the first is finished. In spanish, ___ is used.

A

cuando

54
Q

To give the impression the first action has just been completed, you can use ____ or ______

A

justo cuando; (justo) en el momento en que

55
Q

As (or: just as) I entered the building, I heard the explosion.

A

Justo cuando entraba en el edificio, oí la explosión.

56
Q

As I was entering the building . . .

A

Cuando estaba entrando el edificio. . .

57
Q

She listened to the news while she cleaned.

A

Ella escuchaba las noticias mientras/cuando limpiaba.

58
Q

For a parallel development, ‘as’ translates as: ___.

For example: ‘As time went by, she felt better.’

A

a medida que

‘A medida que pasaba el tiempo, ella se sentía mejor.

59
Q

When ‘as’ has the same meaning as ‘while’: it translates as ___ or ___

A

mientras or cuando

60
Q

My wife prepared dinner as I was showering.

A

Mi mujer preparó la cena cuando/mientras me duchaba. (in past narration, it’s preferable to use the imperfect or imperfect progressive.)

61
Q

In informal spanish, _____ is often used instead of ‘a medida que’

‘a medida que’ translates as:

A

conforme

‘as’ for parallel development.

62
Q

When the first clause with ‘as’ is followed by a verb that implies an action with a very short duration, is mientras or cuando preferred?

A

cuando

63
Q

As I was going into the office, I saw Jorge.

A

Cuando entraba (or: estaba entrando) en Correos, vi a Jorge. (entraba is a verb with a very short time frame)

64
Q

When ‘as’ has the same meaning as because/since, it translates as _____.

A

como (without an accent)

65
Q

‘Because/since my wife was ill, we couldn’t go to the party.’

If the reason (i.e. my wife was ill) isn’t listed first, you must use ____ or _____ (because); use _____ or _____ (since).

A

Como mi mujer estaba enferma, no pudimos ir a la fiesta.

Porque/pues; ya que/puesto que

66
Q

We couldn’t go to the party, since my wife was ill.

We couldn’t go to the party, because my wife was ill.

A

No pudimos ir a la fiesta, ya que/puesto que mi mujer estaba enferma.

No pudimos ir a la fiesta, porque mi mujer estaba enferma.

67
Q

‘As’ translates as ___, with nouns in sentences referring to periods in a person’s life.

For example, ‘As a child I had a lot of health problems.’

A

de

De niño tuve muchos problems de salud.

68
Q

‘Como’ is possible in sentences that talk about duty, responsibility, type of job, and so on.

For example: ‘As a married man, you can’t go out with your friends at night.’

A

Como hombre casado, no puedes salir con tus amigos de noche.

69
Q

‘Como’ is possible in sentences that talk about duty, responsibility, type of job, and so on.

For example: ‘Maria works as a cashier in a big supermarket.’

A

Maria trabaja como cajera en un gran supermercado.

70
Q

‘Como’ is possible in sentences that talk about duty, responsibility, type of job, and so on.

When talking about the type of job/activity, ‘de’ is also possible.

For example: Paco works as a secretary in an office.

A

Paco trabaja de secretario en un despacho.

71
Q

She works as a nurse.

A

Ella trabaja de/como enfermera.

72
Q

She works like a nurse.

A

Ella trabaja como una enfermera.

73
Q

Sleepy ‘as’ he was . . .

‘as’ translates as ___ or ____

A

aunque or a pesar de que

74
Q

Tired as he was, he went on running.

A

Aunque él estaba cansado, siguió corriendo.

or

A pesar de que él estaba cansado, siguió corriendo.

75
Q

I don’t have time to go to that party; besides, I don’t like the guests.

A

No tengo tiempo para ir a esa fiesta; además, no me gustan algunos de los invitados.

76
Q

I don’t want them to come; besides, there isn’t enough food.

A

No quiero que vengan; además, no hay suficiente comida.

77
Q

Además can also be used as a preposition. when this is the case, the construction is además + ___

A

de

78
Q

Besides being a good student, he works at the gas station.

A

Además de ser un buen estudiante, trabaja en una gasolinera

79
Q

Además works for expressions such as: moreover, anyway, or ‘in any case.’

These expressions can be translated the following 4 ways:

A

de todas formas, de cualquier forma, de todos modos, o todo caso.

example: ‘no quiero que vengan; ____, no hay suficiente comida.

recall that these are ‘conjunctions’

80
Q

The common translation of ‘both …. and’ is ___.

For example: ‘Both Maria and Luis passed the exam.’

A

tanto … como

Tanto Maria como Luis aprobaron el examen.

81
Q

I visited both the museum and the palace.

A

Visité tanto el museo como el palacio.

However, in most everyday uses, the construction is:

Visité el museo y e palacio.

82
Q

Estuvo en Londres, pero/sino no pudo ver a la reina.
Él es bajo pero/sino fuerte.
Ella no es enferma, pero/sino secretaria.

A

pero
pero
sino

In the last case, but is used to correct a possible misunderstanding, therefore sino is used.

83
Q

They live either on this street or on that one.

A

Ellos viven o en esta calle o en ésa.

84
Q

They live on this street or on that one.

A

Viven en esta calle o en ésa.

85
Q

When the verb form is negative, ni is used instead of o.

For example: ‘She doesn’t speak English or French.’

A

Ella no habla inglés ni francés.

86
Q

either New York or Orlando

A

o Nueva York u Orlando

87
Q

She speaks neither English nor French.

A

Ella no habla ni inglés ni francés.

88
Q

Note that a double negative is used (ella no habla ni inglés ni francés) except when ‘ni’ is placed before the verb.

For example, “She speaks neither English nor French”

A

Ella ni habla inglés ni francés.

89
Q

If a verb takes a preposition (e.g. hablar con, ir a), the first component of the conjunction is always placed before the preposition:

For example, ‘You have to talk either with the principal or with your teacher.’

A

Tienes que hablar o con el director o con tu profesor.

90
Q

When ‘for’ is used as a conjunction, it is commonly translated as pues.

For example, ‘She was worried, for her son hadn’t come back yet.’

A

Ella estaba preocupada, pues su hijo no había venido todavía.

91
Q

Pues has the same limitations as ‘for in english. When in doubt, use porque. Both conjunctions (pues y porque) have nearly the same meaning.

For example, “She was worried because her son hadn’t returned yet.

A

Ella estaba preocupada porque su hijo no había venido todavía.

92
Q

Another phrase for ‘sin embargo’

A

no obstante

93
Q

As an adverb of degree, however is ‘no impotar lo’ and is followed by adverbs/adjectives and the subjunctive.

For example, ‘I never passed the math tests, however hard I studied.’

A

Nunca que aprobé los exámenes de matemáticas, no importaba lo mucho que estudiara.

94
Q

In spite of having no time, Maria helped me with the boxes.

A

A pesar de no tener tiempo, Maria me ayudó con las cajas.

95
Q

She helped me with the boxes in spite of the fact that she didn’t have any time.

A

Ella me ayudó con las cajas a pesar de que (ella) no tenía tiempo.

96
Q

‘A pesar de’ can be followed by nouns:

‘In spite of my great effort, I couldn’t pass the exam.’

A

A pesar de mi gran esfuerzo, no pude aprobar el examen.

97
Q

‘Not only . . . but also’ translates as ‘no sólo/solamente … sin también’

‘Not only adults but also children were arrested by the police.’

A

No sólo adultos, sino también niños fueron arrestados por la policia.

98
Q

If the verb sequence is repeated, the relative pronoun must be used after the conjunction….

‘Elena not only bought the blouse but also (bought) the trousers.’

A

Elena no sólo compró la blusa, sino que compró los pantalones.

99
Q

When the sentence is negative, ‘or’ can be used in English. However, in spanish, ‘ni’ must be used:

‘She doesn’t work or study.’

A

Ella no trabaja ni estudia.

100
Q

‘Otherwise’

A

‘de lo contrario’

101
Q

‘if not’

A

si no

102
Q

We must hurry up; otherwise, we’ll miss the train.

A

Debemos darnos prisa; de lo contrario, perderemos el tren.

103
Q

The conjunction ‘de lo contrario’ can be replaced by ‘o’.

‘We must hurry up or (else) miss the train.”

A

Debemos darnos prisa, o perderemos el tren.

104
Q

As an adverb, ‘otherwise’ is translated as:

A

de otra forma

de otro modo

105
Q

If you calculate it otherwise, you won’t obtain the correct result.

A

Si lo calculas de otra forma, no obtendrás el resultado correcto.

106
Q

When it functions as a conjunction, ‘since’ is usually translated as ‘ya que’

‘Martin couldn’t pass the exam, since he hadn’t studied very hard.’

A

Martin no pudo aprobar el examen, ya que no había estudiado mucho.

107
Q

At the beginning of a sentence that uses ‘since,’ it is better to use como than ya que.

‘Since we don’t have any money, we won’t go on a vacation this year.’

A

Como no tenemos dinero, no iremos de vacaciones este año.

108
Q

As an adverb, ‘since’ translates as ‘desde (que):

‘I have had this watch since 1958.’

A

Tengo este reloj desde 1958.

109
Q

As an adverb, ‘since’ translates as ‘desde (que):

‘I have known her since we were children.’

A

La conozco desde que éramos niños.

110
Q

As a conjunction to explain something, ‘so’ translates as ‘así que’:

‘It was raining, so we stayed home.’

A

Estaba lloviendo, así que nos quedamos en casa.

111
Q

She is so beautiful . . .

A

Ella es tan guapa …

112
Q

She said it was too expensive; yet/nevertheless, she bought it.

A

Ella dijo que era demasiado caro; no obstante, lo compró.

113
Q

Still and yet can function as adverbs. In this case, ‘still’ translates as aún o todavía; ‘yet’ translates as ‘ya’ in interrogative sentences and as ‘aún no’ or ‘todavía no’ in negative sentences.

‘Have you finished yet?’
No, I haven’t finished yet.
I’m still working on it.

A

‘Has terminado ya?’
No, aún no/todavía no he terminado.
Todavía/aún estoy trabajando en ello.

114
Q

‘Therefore’ (2 ways)

A

por tanto; por consiguiente

115
Q

‘Mientras’ can be used to emphasize a contrast.

‘She works hard while her brother wastes money.’

A

Ella trabaja duramente mientras su hermano malgasta dinero.

116
Q

‘While:’ this conjunction normally translates as ____.

A

mientras

117
Q

She works and studies while her brother doesn’t do anything.

A

Ella trajaba y estudia mientras que su hermano no hace nada.

118
Q

‘Mientras’ cannot be used to mean ‘although/while’:

‘While I like your offer, I’m not going to change jobs.’

A

Aunque me gusta tu oferta, no voy a cambiar de trabajo.

Advanced Spanish Grammer (13 decks)

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