4. Adverbs b Flashcards
Ana didn’t come to my birthday party. She clean forgot.
Ana no vino a mi cumpleaños. Lo olvidó completamente/por completo.
The tiger jumped clean over the wall.
El tigre saltó la pared fácilmente/sin problemas.
He went clean through the wall.
Él atravesó la pared literalmente.
The ballon flew clean over the mountain.
El globo sobrevoló la montaña completamente.
The thief went cleanly through the security system.
El ladrón atravesó limpiamente/hábilmente la instalación de alarmas.
She speaks very clearly.
Ella habla muy claramente/claro.
I can’t see clearly at this distance.
No puedo ver claramente/claro a esta distancia.
‘loud and clear’
alto y claro
obviously (3 ways)
obviamente, claramente, evidentemente.
We clearly need to make a decision.
Obviamente/claramente/evidentemente necesitamos tomar una decisión.
Stand clear of the wires!
¡Aléjate de los cables!
I threw the ball clear across the field.
Lancé la pelota al otro extremo del campo.
Lancé la pelota al otro lado del campo.
‘Close’ can be translated ____, but with verbs of movement, it is better to use ___
cerca; acercarse
Come close. i can’t see you clearly.
Acércate. No te puedo ver claramente.
Stand close to me.
Ponte juno a mi.
I’m closely related to the royal family.
Yo estoy emparentado con la familia real.
This is closely related to what happened yesterday.
Esto está estrechamente relacionado con lo que ocurrió ayer.
‘closely’ related (i.e. to a concept)
estrechamente/íntimamente relacionado
when ‘closely’ means carefully:
cuidadosamente/a fondo/ en profundidad/ con mucha atención
You must read this closely before signing.
Debes leer esto con mucha atención antes de firmar.
That is my ‘daily’ (adj) routine.
Esa es mi rutina diaria.
They deliver it ‘daily’ (adv)
Lo traen diariamente.
That magazine is published ‘weekly’ (adv)
Esa revista se publica semanalmente.
We always receive a ‘monthly’ (adj) statement.
Siempre recibimos un extracto mensual.
We receive it ‘monthly.’ (adv)
Lo recibimos mensualmente.
We publish it ‘daily.’ (adv.) (use a non adverb in spanish.)
Lo publicamos a diario. (o: todos los días)
I’m ‘dead’ sure. (adv.)
Estoy completamente seguro.
He was ‘dead’ drunk. (adv.)
Él estaba totalmente borracho.
I’m ‘dead’ tired.
Estoy agotado.
The train is very slow. (with superlative of lento)
El tren es lentísimo.
You must go dead ahead.
Debes ir todo recto/todo al frente.
deadly (adj)
mortal
fatally (adv)
mortalmente
The poor whale had a ‘deadly’ (adj) wound.
La pobre ballena tenía una herida mortal.
The policeman was ‘fatally’ injured. (adv)
El policía resultó mortalmente herido.
The English adverb ‘deeply’ is used mainly to describe feelings, but its Spanish counterpart, _____, has a more general meaning and is used in other contexts:
‘They are digging ‘deep’’ (adverb)
profundamente;
‘Están cavando profundamente’
I’m ‘deeply’ (adverb) in love
Estoy profundamente enamorado.
It is possible to use the adjectives ‘profundo’ and ‘hondo’ (both mean deep) as adverbs referring to ____ contexts (i.e., not feelings), especially when they are preceded by the adverb ‘muy’.
‘They are digging very ‘deep’’ (adverb)
Physical
Están cavando muy hondo/profundo.
The Spanish adjective ____ can be used as an adverb with a similar meaning to the adjective ‘direct’ in English:
‘You can go direct to the airport.’
Puedes ir directo al aeropuerto.
The adverb ____ can be used instead of directo.
directamente
I will finish it directly.
Lo terminaré enseguida/muy pronto.
Can directly (meaning very soon) be translated as directamente?
no.
I got up very early yesterday.
Ayer me levanté muy temprano
Does the english adverb ‘early’ translate as temprano when it refers to time?
yes.
‘early’ (like ‘early this year)- 3 ways
a principios de, al principio de, a comienzos de
It happened early this year.
Ocurrió a principios de este año.
We will have to pick the fruit early this year (just before the usual time).
Tendremos que recoger la fruto pronto este año.
Enough (adjective)
suficiente
Enough (adv)
suficientemente
We have enough money. (adjective)
Tenemos suficiente dinero.
Pedro is intelligent ‘enough.’ (adverb)
Pedro es suficientemente inteligente.
You are old ‘enough.’ (adv)
Eres lo suficientemente mayor.
You are good enough. (bastante)
Eres lo bastante bueno.
I wasn’t ‘fairly’ (adv) treated during the trial
No fui justamente tratado durante el juicio.
As an adverb of degree (similar to quite and rather), it translates as bastante:
She is ‘fairly’ (adv) good at math.
Ella es bastante buena en matemáticas.
In the expressions ‘play fair’ and ‘fight fair’, its common translation is:
limpio
I see that you are not playing fair.
Veo que no estás jugando limpio.
The adverb ‘far’ translates as ____, which can only be used as an adverb of place/distance (physically and figuratively):
‘They went much farther’
lejos;
ellos fueron mucho más lejos.
Lejos can’t be used as an adverb of degree. Mucho is common in such cases:
‘He drives far better than you.’
Él maneja mucho mejor que tú.
The English adverbial constructions far away, a long way, and a long way away all translate as ____.
lejos
How far do you live?
¿A qué distancia vives?
The English comparative forms farther/further can mean ‘more.’
‘We don’t have any further news’
No tenemos más noticias.
My child is fast asleep.
Mi niño está completamente/profundamente dormido.
Hold fast! We are going to jump!
¡Agárrate fuerte! ¡Vamos a saltar!
The use of fatal and fatalmente in Spanish is confined to contexts that talk about fate, fatality, and so on; they do NOT mean ‘deadly.’ Fatal (en español) can also mean very bad(ly), awful(ly) and so on:
I did very badly on the test.
El examen me salió fatal.
You have awful/terrible grades!
¡Tienes unas notas fatales!
‘a very attractive woman’
una mujer fatal
Fine (adverb)
bien
finely
finamente, en rodajas muy finas/delgadas, pequeñas
finely- in reference is to things that are cut into very thin or small pieces:
en trozos muy finos/ delgados/ pequeños
The meat must be finely cut.
La carne debe ser cortada finamente/en trozos muy delgados/ finos/ pequeños.
The choice of the appropriate adjective in the example depends on how the speaker wants the meat. Delgado and fino mean ‘thin’, but pequeño means small.
free (of charge)- adverb
gratis
You can stay free in that hotel.
Puedes alojarte gratis en ese hotel.
Gratis (also an adjective) must be used whenever the context refers to the fact that no payment is required:
We get two free meals a day.
Recibimos dos comidas ‘gratis’ al día.
Jorge is a free man.
Jorge es un hombre libre.
you may move freely around.
Puedes moverte libremente.
Hard is both an adjective and an adverb in English. In Spanish, the adjective duro very often functions as an adverb, although duramente is frequently used in more formal language:
Hit it hard!
I have worked hard to pay for this house.
¡Dale duro!
He trabajado duramente para pagar esta casa.
With verbs like estudiar and trabajar, mucho is more common (than duro/duramente):
I’m studying very hard.
She works very hard at home.
Estoy estudiando mucho.
Ella trabaja mucho en la casa.
We have hardly any money.
Apenas tenemos dinero.
Casi no tenemos dinero.
I hardly ever go out.
Casi nunca salgo.
Apenas salgo.
She goes hardly anywhere.
Ella no va a casi ningún sitio.
Ella no va casi a ningún sitio.
Ella apenas va a ningún sitio.
Instead of sitio, you can use nouns like ____ or ____
lugar; parte
Hardly anybody bought the book.
Casi nadia comró el libro.
There was hardly anybody in the theater.
No había casi nadie en el teatro.
Apenas, which has a similar function as casi, is more common before the main verb:
There were hardly any people at the party.
Apenas había gente en la fiesta.
Ill-made
mal echo (mal is always placed before the past participle)
badly (adverb)
mal
The house is ill-lit.
La casa está mal iluminada.
She fell down just when I arrived.
Ella se cayó justo cuando yo llegué.
They live just opposite my house.
Ellos viven justo enfrente de mi casa.
Just do it.
Simplemente hazlo.
I just wanted a cup of coffee.
Yo sólo quería una taza de café.
I have just finished. (acabar de)
Acabo de terminar.
They have just visited me (acabar de).
Ellos acaban de visitarme.
They had just done it.
Ellos acababan de hacerlo.
I saw them (just) one minute ago. (hace justo + time reference)
Los vi hace justo un minuto.
Just now.
justo ahora.
I have been there just now.
He estado allí justo ahora.
Recién referes to different kinds of actions that have just taken place and whose effects can still be seen:
‘just married’
recién casados
Freshly painted.
recién pintado
____ is the adverb normally used to mean ‘in accordance with justice or the law’
justamente
I was justly treated by your family.
Fui justamente tratado por tu familia.
