4B : DERMA Flashcards
- inert substances that soothe inflamed or denuded mucosa or skin by preventing air irritants in the surroundings.
- They typically have a high molecular weight and are thick, colloidal/viscid solutions in water.
- Some can also produce foam with water, reduce surface tension, and may act as suspending or emulsifying agent
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
demulcents
- They are bland, oily substances that soothe and soften the skin.
- form an occlusive film over the skin, preventing evaporation and restoring the elasticity of cracked and dry skin.
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
emollients
- corrosive
- generally causing local tissue destruction and sloughing
irritants and counter irritants
caustic
escharotics
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
caustic
- cauterizer
- precipitates proteins that exude to form a scab which later forms a tough scar.
irritants and counter irritants
caustic
escharotics
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
escharotics
They are substances that precipitate proteins located on cellular surface promoting a mechanically stronger layer and thus preventing excoriation.
astringents
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
astringents
- stimulate sensory nerve endings and induce inflammation at the site of application.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
irritants
produce cutaneous impulses that obscure the deeper sensation when applied to the area of skin supplied by nerves from the same segment as the deeper organ from which pain impulses are coming.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants
counter irritants
They are finely powdered, inert, and insoluble solids capable of binding to their surface to adsorb noxious and irritant substances and afford protective mechanisms to the skin and the mucosa.
irritants
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
adsorbants and protectives
dissolve the intercellular substance in the horny layer of the skin, causing it to swell, soften, and desquamate.
keratolytic
counter irritants
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
keratolytic
These are drugs used in the management of seborrheic dermatitis characterized as erythematous scaly lesions located commonly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the scalp, face, and trunk may be caused by yeast infections, change in quantity and composition of sebum, increased skin alkalinity due to persistent sweating, external local factors, emotional stress, and genetic predisposition.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
emollients
demulcents
adsorbants and protectives
anti seborrheic
drugs that increase sensitivity to solar radiation and promote repigmentation of vitiliginous areas of the skin by photoactive stimulation of melanocytes and inducing their proliferation.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
sunscrfeen
topical steroids
melanizing agent
used to diminish the lesions caused by psoriasis - an immunologic disorder manifesting as localized or widespread erythematous scaling lesions or plaques causing excessive epidermal proliferation with dermal inflammation. Therapy usually begins with a dose of corticosteroids and relapses are common.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
drugs for psoriasis
sunscrfeen
topical steroids
drugs for psoriasis
These drugs are used to lighten hyperpigmented patches on the skin by interfering with melanocyte proliferation and activity in the skin.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
demelanizing agent
sunscreen
topical steroids
melanizing agent
substances that protect the skin against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays brought about by exposure to sunlight. The efficacy of sunscreen preparations is usually measured by its SPF or sun-protection factor.
They are an important component of a comprehensive sun protection approach along with minimizing sun exposure and using photoprotective gear.
keratolytic
anti seborrheic
melanizing agent
demelanizing agent
sunscreen
topical steroids
sunscreen
absorb and scatter UV light responsible for sunburn and phototoxicity while allowing longer wavelengths to penetrate and do not inhibit tanning.
physical sunscreen
chemical sunscreen
chemical sunscreen
stop and scatter all forms of light (UV and visible light) and withhold longer wavelengths involved in photoallergy hence preventing both sunburns and tanning.
chemical sunscreen
physical sunscreen
physical sunscreen
comprise natural and synthetic compounds that exhibit vitamin A–like biological activity or bind to nuclear receptors for retinoids. It exerts their effects on gene expression by activating two families of receptors, RARs and RXRs, which are members of the steroid receptor superfamily
Antimicrobials
Retinoids
Retinoids
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a clear, viscous liquid.
- INDICATION: It induces bowel evacuation when given as an anal suppository, and also acts as an emollient when applied to dry or cracked lips and skin, and is also used to reduce intraocular/intracranial pressure when given via oral or intravenous route.
- S/E: It can cause skin drying, irritation and may cause hypersensitivity reactions.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Glycerine
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a synthetic cellulose derivative.
- INDICATION: It is used as a bulk laxative, in nose drops and contact lens solutions
- S/E : It causes allergic reaction, like rash, hives, itching redness, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin with or without fever; wheezing and tightness in the chest or throat.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Methylcellulose
- CHARACTERISTICS: clear viscous liquid, miscible in water and in oils.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in cosmetics and as occlusive dressing in cases of icthyosis, psoriasis, plantar and palmar keratoderma, and hypertrophic lichen planus.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may act as an irritant in some patients and may cause contact dermatitis.
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Propylene Glycol
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a sweet-tasting root or liquorice.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in cough lozenges to soothe the throat.
- SIDE EFFECTS: steroid-like salt-retaining action
Glycyrrhiza
Methylcellulose
Propylene Glycol
Glycerine
Glycyrrhiza
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is high in fatty acids, thick in consistency and tends to form a protective barrier over the skin to hold in moisture and fluid content.
- INDICATIONS:It is commonly used tosmooth scars, wrinkles, chapped lips, cracked, dry skin, eczema, dermatitis and other skin marks.
- SIDE EFFECTS:It is used incaution for persons prone to acne as it may clog pores producing more comedones.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Cocoa butter
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is rich in mono- and polyunsaturated fats and contains vitamin E, which can help protect skin cells from the damage caused by environmental factors, such as UV rays, pollution, and toxins, and several phenolic compounds, which give it its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- INDICATIONS:It is generally used as an antiseptic agent to fight acne-causing bacteria and as a natural sunscreen due to its high level of vitamin E
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may cause allergic reaction into the skin manifested as redness, swelling and localized erythema.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Sesame oil
- CHARACTERISTICS: purified peanut oil which is often used as a moisturizer for the skin. It is also used in the form of an enema and also acts by lubricating and softening the faces and promoting bowel movement.
- INDICATIONS: It is directly applied in the skin for joint pain, dry skin, eczema, and other skin conditions.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It is generally proven safe however it may cause an oily appearance of the face as it slows down water and oil loss.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Arachis oil
- CHARACTERISTICS: acts as an antioxidant, preventing release of free radicals which causes damage to the skin.
- INDICATIONS: It is used as vehicle for topically applied medicaments and as bases for ointments
- SIDE EFFECTS: It causes skin excoriation and may trigger hypersensitivity reactions.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Olive oil
- CHARACTERISTICS: odorless, clear, waxy, petroleum-based substance used as a thickener in cosmetics and dermatologic products
- INDICATIONS: can be effective in soothing and softening calluses on hands and feet and healing dry cracked skin, especially on heels, dry skin, itching and eczema
- SIDE EFFECTS: can cause heat rashes, burns, and recent studies revealed the carcinogenic propert
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Paraffin
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is yellow-brownish in color and is a natural wax produced by the genus Apis
- INDICATIONS: contains vitamin A which has been proven in multiple studies to reduce wrinkles and age spots while re-hydrating and reconstructing damaged skin cells. It is also applied in burns, hemorrhoids, mouth sores, diaper rash, ringworm and other fungal skin infections.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It is likely safe, however, may cause allergy in sensitive individuals.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Beeswax
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a pale yellow, tenacious substance with a faint but characteristic odour, also called as Lanolin oil, has an antifungal, antibacterial properties and a natural water repellant used to retain moisture.
- INDICATIONS:It is a common ingredient in shampoos, skin care, and hair care and sunscreen products and is used in management dry, scaly skin and frizzy hair.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may cause itching, redness, and allergic reactions and predispose to contact dermatitis in some patients.
Olive oil
Arachis oil
Sesame oil
Cocoa butter
Paraffin
Wool fat
Beeswax
Wool fat
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a white, odorless, tasteless substance that is insoluble in cold water and alcohol.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in dusting powders and for surgical gloves.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It absorbs moisture causing dehydration of the skin surface, crusting, and encourages fermentation.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Starch
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a native magnesium silicate which can be easily spread.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in talcum powders or face powders.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It can cause** granuloma formation** especially when applied in open wounds or tissues.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Talc
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a smooth and fine powder, a weakly acidic hydrate of boric oxide with mild antiseptic, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
- INDICATIONS: It is used as an antiseptic, antipruritic, deodorant and in prickly heat powders.
- SIDE EFFECTS: t can be irritating to the skin and may cause boiled-lobster like skin; ingestion may cause nausea, vomiting, stomach aches, and diarrhea.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Boric acid
- CHARACTERISTICS: have a very smooth surface that is resistant to water.
- INDICATIONS: They can be used in preventing friction and exuding surfaces, as they allow water to evaporate and does not form any crust. It is used in dry skin as moisturizer
- SIDE EFFECTS: may cause bowel spasm and evacuation.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
- CHARACTERISTICS: viscous, amphiphilic liquid that is pharmacologically inert, nonirritating, and has water repellent and surface tension reducing properties.
- INDICATIONS: It is specifically used in the prevention of skin maceration and excoriation due to soiling with urine, and is also used in bed sores, ulcers, and burns.
- SIDE EFFECTS: Burning, stinging, redness, and irritation may occur
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Dimethicone
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a water-soluble, biodegradable polymer which forms gel-like complexes when in contact with blood.
- INDICATIONS: It is applied to fresh abrasions to stop bleeding by acting as a physical barrier and protecting the wound. It is also used as an antiseptic agent.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may cause burning sensation at the application site
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Feracrylum
- CHARACTERISTICS: high-molecular weight compound acting as a thickener, emulsifier, and creates a protective films or barriers
- INDICATIONS: It is used as sprays on abrasions and minor cuts by forming an occlusive, pellicle-like coating and protects from dust and exposure
- SIDE EFFECTS: It can cause skin irritation and hair loss.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Polyvinyl polymer
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is a native zinc carbonate tinted pink with ferric oxide possessing mild astringent and antiseptic action.
- INDICATIONS: It is used in sunburns, insect bites, urticaria, and contact dermatitis.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It can cause skin rash, allergy, hives, erythema, and angioedema.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Calamine
- CHARACTERISTICS: mucilaginous preparation, clear, transparent with sticky, viscid consistency.
- INDICATIONS: It has a soothing and moisturizing property and is used in acne, psoriasis, and dry skin.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It may cause burning and itching of the skin, hypoglycemia, and stomach pain and cramps in high doses.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Aloe vera gel
- CHARACTERISTICS: It is the aluminum salt of sulfated sucrose. It is adherent to tissue by forming a barrier and promotes healing
- INDICATIONS: It is primarily used for peptic ulcer disease (when given in tablet form), but is also applied in burns, bedsores, diabetic/apthous ulcers, and excoriated skin (when applied topically
- SIDE EFFECTS: It can cause itching, rash, nausea, vomiting, and back pain.
.
Magnesium/Zinc Stearate
Talc
Calamine
Starch
Boric acid
Aloe vera gel
Polyvinyl polymer
Feracrylum
Dimethicone
Sucralfate
Sucralfate
- CHARACTERISTICS: generally obtained from plants..
- INDICATIONS: It is used for bleeding gums (as glycerine of tannic acid), bleeding piles (as suppository), and in alkaloidal poisoning
- SIDE EFFECTS: Systemic absorption may cause centrilobular necrosis of the liver.
Tannic acid and tannins
Alcohol
Mineral astringents
Tannic acid and tannins
- CHARACTERISTICS: They are typically good astringents at 50-90% concentration
- INDICATIONS:It is used as an antiseptic agent and used to remove excess dirt, oil and cosmetic leftovers.
- SIDE EFFECTS: It is highly irritating to raw surfaces.
Tannic acid and tannins
Alcohol
Mineral astringents
Alcohol
- CHARACTERISTICS:
- INDICATIONS:
- SIDE EFFECTS:
Tannic acid and tannins
Alcohol
Mineral astringents
