1B CONCEPTS: PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 1

effects of drugs , mechanisms of action

Answer 1

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 2

Effects differ from patient to patient

Answer 2

PHARMACOGENETICS

Question 3

Corpora non agunt nisi fixata

Answer 3

•A drug will not work unless it is bound (to a receptor)

Question 4

Receptor Occupancy Theory

Answer 4

• Assumes that response emanates from a receptor occupied by a drug
• Drugs commonly alter the rate or magnitude of an intrinsic cellular response rather than create new responses

Question 5

•Drug Target or Drug Receptor

Answer 5

• Protein molecules whose function is to recognize and respond to endogenous chemical signals = ligands
• Cellular macromolecule with which the drug interacts to elicit cellular response
• Usually located on the surface of cells; may be located in intracellular components such as the nucleus

Question 6

Types OF REGULATORY PROTEINS

Answer 6

1. Physiological Receptors
2. Enzymes
3. Carriers or Transporters
4. Ion Channels

Question 7

Physiological Receptors

Answer 7

• Sensing elements
• For endogenous chemical messengers e.g., hormones, neurotransmitters
• Also used by drugs as target molecules

Question 8

Chemical bonds

Answer 8

• Covalent bonds – strong; usually irreversible binding
• Ionic bond – weak; between a cation and an anion
• Other weak electrostatic bonds – hydrogen, van der Waals, hydrophobic bonds

Question 9

initiating the same reaction or activity typically produced by the binding of an endogenous substance

Answer 9

Agonism

Question 10

•Gateways that selectively allow passage of particular ions, induced either to open or close

Answer 10

•Ion Channels