4.7.2 organisation in an ecosystem Flashcards

1
Q

photosynthetic organisms are known as

A

producers

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2
Q

Feeding relationships can be represented as a

A

food chain

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3
Q

all food chains begin with..

A

a producer

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4
Q

a plant is known as a producer because…

A

its produces its own food!

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5
Q

Plants make glucose in what process?

A

photosynthesis

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6
Q

What piece of equipment would you use to estimate population size?

A

quadrat

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7
Q

What piece of equipment would you use to measure change in distribution of an organism from one area to another?

A

tape measure - use to make a transect

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8
Q

The mean is

A

the average - add up all the data and divide by how many you have

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9
Q

The mode is….

A

the most popular/number that occurs most frequently

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10
Q

The median is

A

the middle value - once all data has been organised into numerical order

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11
Q

An organism that eats other animals is known as a

A

predator

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12
Q

Animals that are hunted and eaten by other animals are called

A

prey

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13
Q

In a stable community what happens to the number of predator and prey?

A

rises and falls in cycles

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14
Q

carbon is returned to the atmosphere as

A

carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What process returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A

respiration

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16
Q

which process removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

A

photosynthesis

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17
Q

Which organisms carry out decay?

A

microbes/micro-organisms

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18
Q

What conditions are necessary for decay?

A

warmth, moisture, energy source and oxygen

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19
Q

What is biomass?

A

dry mass, energy store - makes up the living material of all living organisms

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20
Q

The population size of any species is limited by..

A

food availability

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21
Q

If food availability increases (prey) what will happen to the predator population?

A

increase

22
Q

If the predator population increases what will happen to the prey population?

A

decrease

23
Q

Predator and prey cycles are always out of phase with each other -what does this mean?

A

It takes a while for one population to respond to the other population

24
Q

What does the energy from the sun do to the water on the land and in the sea?

A

causes it to evaporate and turn to water vapour

25
Q

Evaporation of water from plants is known as

A

transpiration

26
Q

When water vapour evaporates it is carried upwards. What happens to it when it gets higher up?

A

it cools and condenses to form clouds

27
Q

Water in clouds falls as rain - what is known as?

A

precipitation

28
Q

When rain falls onto the land where does it eventually end up?

A

drains into the sea

29
Q

All living things are made up from the elements …

A

Carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

30
Q

What biological molecules contain carbon?

A

carbohydrates, proteins and fats

31
Q

In a food chain what is passed on?

A

biomass/energy

32
Q

What is decay?

A

breakdown of dead animal or plants by micro-organisms

33
Q

Why is decay important?

A

To recycle elements locked up inside dead organisms so that they can be returned to the environment and reused

34
Q

In a stable community what can be said about the materials taken out of the soil v materials used by the plants?

A

its balanced

35
Q

Carbon in carbon dioxide is used to make which carbon molecule?

A

glucose

36
Q

glucose contains carbon what molecules is it used to make?

A
cellulose 
starch
fats
proteins
 THEY ALL CONTAIN CARBON TOO
37
Q

How does the carbon in plants get into the body of an animal?

A

feeding

38
Q

How does the carbon in dead animals and plants end up in the atmosphere?

A

microbes carry out decay
microbes respire
releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere

39
Q

How does the carbon in living organisms get returned to the atmosphere?

A

respiration - returned as carbon dioxide

40
Q

What other process (not respiration ) ADDS carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

A

combustion

41
Q

a habitat is

A

a place where an organism lives

42
Q

The distribution of an organism is described as..

A

where it is found

43
Q

The distribution of organisms is affect by..

A

environmental factors

44
Q

What is a quadrat?

A

a square frame enclosing a given area usually 1m2

45
Q

When sampling plant populations, how should the quadrat be placed?

A

randomly

46
Q

How do you decide where to place a quadrat for sampling?

A

Divide your area to sample into a grid and use a random number generator to pick coordinates

47
Q

Why should you sample randomly?

A

avoid bias is data

48
Q

When sampling with a quadrat why should you do a lot of samples e.g. at least 20

A

to ensure data is representative

increases reliability

49
Q

If sampling a field to estimate the population of daisies on the field what will you do when you have sampled the field a minimum of 20 times?

A

calculate a mean number of daisies per quadrat

50
Q

How will you estimate the number of daisies on a school field?

A
  1. sample randomly
  2. calculate a mean
  3. scale this mean up to reflect the size of the field e.g. if 10 daisies per 1m2 and the field is 100m2 - times the 10 by 100 = 1000daisies.