4.1.2 cell division Flashcards

1
Q

An example of a gamete is a

A

sperm or egg

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2
Q
A
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2
Q

How many chromosome pairs are found in the nucleus of a body cell?

A

23

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3
Q

How many chromosomes are found in an egg or sperm

A

23

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4
Q

Cells undergo cell division called

A

mitosis

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5
Q

Mitosis is important for

A

growth, repair and replace worn out cells

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6
Q

The first step of the cell cycle is

A

DNA replication - genetic material is doubled

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7
Q

A chromosome looks X shaped because

A

it has replicated

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8
Q

In mitosis after DNA replication has occurred what happens next?

A

Replicated chromosomes line up and then separate, the cell then divides into two

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9
Q

What is the end result of mitosis?

A

two genetically identical daughter cells

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10
Q

What is the meristem?

A

An area in the plant in which rapid cell division is occurring - usually roots and shoots

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11
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A cell that has the capacity to differentiate into ANY cell

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12
Q

Inside the nucleus you will find

A

Chromosomes made from DNA

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13
Q

In body cells chromosomes are found in

A

pairs

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14
Q

Cells divide in a series of stages called

A

the cell cycle

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15
Q

Before the cell divides what does the cell need to do?

A

increase in size (grow) and increase the number of mitochondria and ribosomes (and replicate its DNA)

16
Q

The last step of mitosis involves

A

the cell dividing into two

17
Q

Uses of stem cells include

A

treatment of diseases e.g. paralysis

18
Q

Ethical issues surrounding stem cell use?

A

destruction of an embryo

19
Q

There are other sources of stem cells which don’t involve using an embryo, they are?

A

bone marrow, skin, intestine

20
Q

A limitation of adult stem cells is

A

they have a limited differentiation capacity

21
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

An embryo is created using the genes of the patients, this way the stem cells from the embryo are not rejected

22
Q

Reasons to clone plants?

A

rare species can be cloned to protect from extinction and crops with special features e.g. disease resistance can be cloned.

23
Q

chromosomes are found where in the cell?

24
Chromosomes are made from ...
DNA
25
Genes function are to..
determine characteristics
26
Cell cycle is made up from which 2 main stages?
1. growth and DNA replication 2. mitosis
27
In the cell cycle why does the cell need to grow?
Increase the amount of internal structures for the NEW cell (mitochondria/ribosomes)
28
Replicated chromosomes look like
X shaped molecules
29
In mitosis the replicated chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell, what happens next?
the replicated chromosomes are pulled apart (separated)
30
In mitosis how many new cells are produced after 1 division if you start with 1 cell.
2
31
The types of cell division that produces genetically identical cells
mitosis
32
What has happened for the chromosome to now appear as an X shaped structure?
its replicated (part of cell cycle)