4.3.3 plant disease (SINGLE) Flashcards
name a plant disease caused by a virus
tobacco mosaic virus
name a plant disease caused by a fungus
black spot
plant diseases can be detected by which symptoms?
stunted growth spots on leaves areas of decay discolouration presence of pests
How can gardeners identify plant diseases
- consulting gardening manual or website
- take plant to a lab and identify pathogen
- use tests that contain monoclonal antibodies
plants can be infected with viruses, fungus, bacteria and what other organism?
insects - aphids
nitrate deficiency symptoms are
stunted growth
nitrates in a plant are needed to make
amino acids which make proteins
chlorosis is caused by which mineral deficiency?
magnesium
symptoms of a plant with chlorosis are
pale yellow leaves
why does a plant with chlorosis have yellow leaves
cant make chlorophyll
what is magnesium needed for in a plant?
to make chlorophyll
name the key mineral ions needed by a plant
magnesium and nitrates
Why is chlorophyll in a plant important?
needed for photosynthesis
what are aphids
insects
what are the 3 main defences plants have against disease/predation?
physical
chemical
mechanical
give some examples of physical defences
waxy cuticle - barrier
cell wall
layers of dead cells around their stem
What are physical defences
barriers to infection
cell wall is made from
cellulose
give some examples of chemical defences
antibacterial chemicals which can kill bacteria
posions
chemical defences include poisons how does this help a plant?
deters a predator from eating it
a herbivore is
an animal that eats plants
give some examples of mechanical defences
thorns/spikes
droopy/curly leaves
mimicry
what is mimicry?
when organisms mimic other organisms
How does mimicry help a plant?
tricks animals into not eating it
