4.1.1 cell structure

Question 1

label the animal cell

Answer 1

Question 2

label the plant cell

Answer 2

Question 3

label the bacterial cell

Answer 3

Question 4

animal and plant cells are examples of e_____ cells

Answer 4

eukaryotic

Question 5

bacterial cells are examples of p_____ cells

Answer 5

prokaryotic

Question 6

• eukaryotic cells have a n_____
• prokaryotic DON’T have a n_____

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

function of the nucleus?

Answer 7

• controls the activities of the cell
• contains DNA (genetic information)

Question 8

function of cytoplasm?

Answer 8

liquid substance where chemical reactions occur

Question 9

function of mitochondria?

Answer 9

site of aerobic respiration to release energy

Question 10

function of ribosome?

Answer 10

site of protein synthesis

Question 11

function of cell membrane?

Answer 11

controls the movement of substances in and out the cell

Question 12

function of chloroplasts?

Answer 12

• site of photosynthesis
• contains chlorophyll, which absorb light

Question 13

function of the cell wall?

Answer 13

provides strength to the cell
• in plants and algae, it is made of cellulose
• in bacteria, it is made of peptidoglycan (also called murein)
• in fungi, it is made of chitin

Question 14

function of the singular strand of circular DNA in bacteria?

Answer 14

carry genetic information

Question 15

function of the plasmid?

Answer 15

small rings of DNA

Question 16

cells specialise by undergoing d______, gaining new sub-cellular structures to suit its role

Answer 16

differentiation

Question 17

what type of cell is this and what is its function?

Answer 17

sperm cell - specialised to carry the male’s DNA to the egg cell during reproduction for successful reproduction

Question 18

what type of cell is this and what is its function?

Answer 18

nerve cell - specialised to transmit electrical signals from one part of the body to another

Question 19

DNA in eukaryotic cells is arranged into C…

Answer 19

chromosomes

Question 20

The colour of chlorophyll is

Answer 20

green

Question 21

Specialised cells

Answer 21

have a specific shape because they have a specific fucnction

Question 22

A source of undifferentiated cells are

Answer 22

stem cells

Question 23

How is a sperm cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 23

they have a tail to swim and are packed with mitochondria

Question 24

How is a red blood cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 24

• no nucleus so that they can carry more oxygen
• have haemoglobin which carries the oxygen
• biconcave disc shape increases surface area to allow faster diffusion (of oxygen)
• thin membrane to reduce diffusion distance to allow faster diffusion (of oxygen)

Question 25

How is a nerve cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 25

they are long and insulated for carrying messages all over the body

Question 26

How is a muscle cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 26

have many mitochondria for aerobic respiration to release energy to allow the muscle to contract and relax

Question 27

How is a root hair cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 27

have a long thin projections which increase their surface area for absorption of water and ions from the soil

Question 28

Xylem cells function is

Answer 28

to carry water and dissolved mineral ions around the plant from the roots

Question 29

Plants lose water from their leaves in a process called

Answer 29

transpiration

Question 30

How is a xylem cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 30

Made of dead cells, organised into tubes and that are hollow. Side walls reinforced with lignin

Question 31

Function of phloem in the plant

Answer 31

to carry sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaves all over the plant

Question 32

How is a phloem cell specialised to suit its function?

Answer 32

Phloem cells are living, contain few organelles and their end walls have small holes in them

Question 33

What term is used to describe how sugar is moved around the plant

Answer 33

translocation

Question 34

Muscles are specialised to allow for c...

Answer 34

contraction

Question 35

Sperms cells are important for r...

Answer 35

reproduction

Question 36

Nerves cells are specialised to ...

Answer 36

carry electrical impulses around the body

Question 37

name the cell

Answer 37

muscle cell

Question 38

name the cell

Answer 38

root hair cell

Question 39

Name the cells that make up the tubes on the left

Answer 39

Xylem

Question 40

Name the cells that make up the tubes on the right

Answer 40

phloem

Question 41

To prepare a cell for viewing you need

Answer 41

a glass slide, cover slip and a stain

Question 42

Magnification is

Answer 42

how much bigger the object appears under the microscope

Question 43

How do you calculate total magnification

Answer 43

magnification of eye piece lens x magnification of objective lens

Question 44

Why does the specimen have stain placed upon it before covering with a cover-slip?

Answer 44

to stain the cell organelles so that we can view it better under the microscope

Question 45

Name the two types of microscopes

Answer 45

light and electron microscope

Question 46

Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because

Answer 46

they have a greater magnification and resolution

Question 47

Resolution is

Answer 47

the ability to distinguish two points as separate

Question 48

1mm is equal to how many um

Answer 48

1000um

Question 49

1m is equal to how many mm

Answer 49

1000mm

Question 50

If a cell is actually 60um and the image is 45000um , what is the magnification?

Answer 50

45000/60 = x750

Question 51

if a cell is 50um and the image is 25mm what is the magnification?

Answer 51

25,000/50 = x500

Question 52

How many nm in 1mm

Answer 52

1,000,000nm

Question 53

How many um in 1000nm

Answer 53

1um

Question 54

The job of a microscope is to

Answer 54

magnify the object

Question 55

Ability to distinguish as 2 points as separate is called

Answer 55

resolution

Question 56

electron microscopes use

Answer 56

electrons

Question 57

light microscopes use

Answer 57

light

Question 58

Electron microscopes are better than light microscopes because...

Answer 58

they allow you to see much smaller things in more detail e.g. mitochondria

Question 59

The higher the resolution, what happens to the image?

Answer 59

its sharper

Question 60

A specimen that is 50um wide is magnified 100x, how much bigger is the specimen now?

Answer 60

5000um = 5mm

Question 61

Why should you avoid air bubbles when preparing a glass slide for viewing?

Answer 61

obstructs view of specimen

Question 62

What is a specimen?

Answer 62

the cells you are looking at

Question 63

Why do you stain the cells you are viewing under a microscope?

Answer 63

stains highlight objects within the cell by adding colour to them