43. SAMPLING AND DATA SATURATION

Question 1

1. What is Sampling?

Answer 1

• it is a very important aspect in Qualitative Research

Question 2

2. When should a researcher stop interviewing participants?

Answer 2

WHEN THE DATA IS SATURATED:
- this means that there is no new information coming
from the data
- there are no new themes
- there are no new topics from the data

Question 3

3. Why is Data Saturation important?

Answer 3

1. IT SHOWS THAT THE DATA IS ENOUGH
   - for us to have an in depth understanding of the
   phenomenon
2. THE STUDY IS ROBUST
   - this means that the study is publishable

Question 4

4. Define: Robust.

Answer 4

• strong and viable

Question 5

5. What do Researchers do once the Data has been collected?

Answer 5

• they start coding

Question 6

6. Define: Code.

Answer 6

1. WE USE THIS WHEN WE WANT TO REDUCE THE DATA
   DOWN
   - it makes the data more understandable and
   manageable
   - this helps us to make a conclusion
2. CODE
   - is a word or a short phrase
   - it represents a larger amount of information
   - it can represent a whole paragraph
   - or it can represent an important sentence

Question 7

7. Which two sources could Coding rely on to get its information?

Answer 7

1. Predetermined Codes
2. Information coming directly from the Data

Question 8

8. What happens once we have established our Codes?

Answer 8

• they can be grouped together as categories or themes
• this happens before data analysis

Question 9

9. What are Themes?

Answer 9

• these are broader codes

Question 10

10. What kind of Software can Coding be done through?

Answer 10

• Atlas Ti
• NVivo
• Etnograph

Question 11

11. What is necessary for us to do when we are using a Software?

Answer 11

• it is necessary to use the same codes to label similar
  words and sentences

Question 12

12. What are the possible Codes we could write up for this paragraph?

Answer 12

1. PERSONAL INFORMATION:
   - information about the job
   - age
   - marital status
2. DOCTOR’S DECISIONS
   - the doctor has checked and prescribed the antibiotics
3. TIME
   - the consultation was very short
4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS DURING THE
   CONSULTATION
   • they felt like an object

NB:
- this paragraph gives you so much information
- make sure to go sentence by sentence to ensure you
do not miss out on any information

Question 13

13. What are the possible Codes we could write up for this paragraph?

Answer 13

1. PERSONAL INFORMATION:
   - information about their personal life
2. DOCTOR’S DECISIONS
   - the doctor told the patient what to do
3. TIME
   - the consultation was very short
   - it was no more than 10 minutes long
4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS DURING THE
   CONSULTATION
   • they felt like they do not count

NB:
- this paragraph gives you so much information
- make sure to go sentence by sentence to ensure you
do not miss out on any information

Question 14

14. What should we do with the Codes we have established for both patients?

Answer 14

1. WE MUST GROUP THE CODES FROM THE PATIENTS
   - into broader categories
   - these are known as Themes
   - this is based on their similarities
2. THESE THEMES
   - are representative of the codes
   - they work as chapters and sections for our analysis
   - they make the data less

Question 15

15. What are the Themes we could make for these two patient cases?

Answer 15

1. HISTORY TAKING
   - this involves their Personal information
2. DECISION MAKING
   - this involves the Doctor’s Decisions in both cases
3. DURATION OF CONSULTATION
   - this speaks about the very short time of both of
   their consultations
4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS
   - both patients has negative feelings about their
   consultations

Question 16

16. Fill in this diagram.

Answer 16

1. THEMES
   - this is where the most saturated data is
   - the overall results are the most manageable
   - this means that no new themes are arising
   - enough data has been accumulated to understand
   the Research Question
   - we can make clear conclusions about the topic
2. CODES
3. DATA

Question 17

17. What does this image show?

Answer 17

• this shows how we analyse the Qualitative data

1. UNDER EACH THEME
   - we must put the Codes from each interview
   - we must also quote what exact the participant has
   stated

Question 18

18. What exactly are the steps for correctly analysing the data?

Answer 18

1. WRITE A DESCRIPTION
   - of the Representative Text for each theme
2. INCORPORATE A QUOTATION OR QUOTATIONS
   - as examples for each Representative Text
   - these quotations support the theme conclusions
3. USE THE LITERATURE TO INTERPRET YOUR DATA
   - explain why your patient’s behaved the way they
   did
   - discuss how your findings compare with findings
   from other studies

Question 19

19. What is the Representative Text?

Answer 19

• it is the academic and scientific presentation of the
  results