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MED 106- RESEARCH METHODS AND ESSENTIAL MEDICAL STATISTICS > 43. SAMPLING AND DATA SATURATION > Flashcards

43. SAMPLING AND DATA SATURATION Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is Sampling?
A
  • it is a very important aspect in Qualitative Research
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2
Q
  1. When should a researcher stop interviewing participants?
A

WHEN THE DATA IS SATURATED:
- this means that there is no new information coming
from the data
- there are no new themes
- there are no new topics from the data

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3
Q
  1. Why is Data Saturation important?
A
  1. IT SHOWS THAT THE DATA IS ENOUGH
    - for us to have an in depth understanding of the
    phenomenon
  2. THE STUDY IS ROBUST
    - this means that the study is publishable
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4
Q
  1. Define: Robust.
A
  • strong and viable
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5
Q
  1. What do Researchers do once the Data has been collected?
A
  • they start coding
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6
Q
  1. Define: Code.
A
  1. WE USE THIS WHEN WE WANT TO REDUCE THE DATA
    DOWN
    - it makes the data more understandable and
    manageable
    - this helps us to make a conclusion
  2. CODE
    - is a word or a short phrase
    - it represents a larger amount of information
    - it can represent a whole paragraph
    - or it can represent an important sentence
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7
Q
  1. Which two sources could Coding rely on to get its information?
A
  1. Predetermined Codes
  2. Information coming directly from the Data
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8
Q
  1. What happens once we have established our Codes?
A
  • they can be grouped together as categories or themes
  • this happens before data analysis
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9
Q
  1. What are Themes?
A
  • these are broader codes
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10
Q
  1. What kind of Software can Coding be done through?
A
  • Atlas Ti
  • NVivo
  • Etnograph
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11
Q
  1. What is necessary for us to do when we are using a Software?
A
  • it is necessary to use the same codes to label similar
    words and sentences
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12
Q
  1. What are the possible Codes we could write up for this paragraph?
A
  1. PERSONAL INFORMATION:
    - information about the job
    - age
    - marital status
  2. DOCTOR’S DECISIONS
    - the doctor has checked and prescribed the antibiotics
  3. TIME
    - the consultation was very short
  4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS DURING THE
    CONSULTATION
    • they felt like an object

NB:
- this paragraph gives you so much information
- make sure to go sentence by sentence to ensure you
do not miss out on any information

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13
Q
  1. What are the possible Codes we could write up for this paragraph?
A
  1. PERSONAL INFORMATION:
    - information about their personal life
  2. DOCTOR’S DECISIONS
    - the doctor told the patient what to do
  3. TIME
    - the consultation was very short
    - it was no more than 10 minutes long
  4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS DURING THE
    CONSULTATION
    • they felt like they do not count

NB:
- this paragraph gives you so much information
- make sure to go sentence by sentence to ensure you
do not miss out on any information

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14
Q
  1. What should we do with the Codes we have established for both patients?
A
  1. WE MUST GROUP THE CODES FROM THE PATIENTS
    - into broader categories
    - these are known as Themes
    - this is based on their similarities
  2. THESE THEMES
    - are representative of the codes
    - they work as chapters and sections for our analysis
    - they make the data less
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15
Q
  1. What are the Themes we could make for these two patient cases?
A
  1. HISTORY TAKING
    - this involves their Personal information
  2. DECISION MAKING
    - this involves the Doctor’s Decisions in both cases
  3. DURATION OF CONSULTATION
    - this speaks about the very short time of both of
    their consultations
  4. THE PATIENT’S FEELINGS
    - both patients has negative feelings about their
    consultations
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16
Q
  1. Fill in this diagram.
A
  1. THEMES
    - this is where the most saturated data is
    - the overall results are the most manageable
    - this means that no new themes are arising
    - enough data has been accumulated to understand
    the Research Question
    - we can make clear conclusions about the topic
  2. CODES
  3. DATA
17
Q
  1. What does this image show?
A
  • this shows how we analyse the Qualitative data
  1. UNDER EACH THEME
    - we must put the Codes from each interview
    - we must also quote what exact the participant has
    stated
18
Q
  1. What exactly are the steps for correctly analysing the data?
A
  1. WRITE A DESCRIPTION
    - of the Representative Text for each theme
  2. INCORPORATE A QUOTATION OR QUOTATIONS
    - as examples for each Representative Text
    - these quotations support the theme conclusions
  3. USE THE LITERATURE TO INTERPRET YOUR DATA
    - explain why your patient’s behaved the way they
    did
    - discuss how your findings compare with findings
    from other studies
19
Q
  1. What is the Representative Text?
A
  • it is the academic and scientific presentation of the
    results

MED 106- RESEARCH METHODS AND ESSENTIAL MEDICAL STATISTICS (43 decks)

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