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MED 106- RESEARCH METHODS AND ESSENTIAL MEDICAL STATISTICS > 2. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY > Flashcards

2. MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is the Mode?
A
  • this is the most common value of the data variable
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2
Q
  1. What is the Median?
A
  • this is the middle point of the distribution
  • it is the value such that half of the observed values are
    smaller than the median
    AND the other half of the observed values are larger
    than the median
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3
Q
  1. What is the Mean also known as?
A
  • the Arithmetic Mean
  • the Average
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4
Q
  1. How do we calculate the Mean?
A
  • we add all the values together
  • we then divide them by the number of values there are
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5
Q
  1. What does the Mean play a very important role in?
A
  • it plays a very important role in Normal Distribution
  • this is because most values are clustered around the
    mean
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6
Q
  1. In Normal Distribution, what can be said about the measures of Central Tendency?
A
  • the Mean, Median and Mode are all equal to each
    other
  • the Arithmetic Average tends to be he most common
    value and the Centre of Distribution
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7
Q
  1. Provide a definition for Dispersion?
A
  • how much the variable varies and spreads around the
    central location
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8
Q
  1. How is the Range calculated?
A
  • we take the Maximum Value (the largest one)
    AND we subtract the Minimum Value (the smallest one)
    from it
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9
Q
  1. What can be said about the benefits of the Range?
A
  • it is easy to compute
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10
Q
  1. What are the disadvantages of the Range?
A
  • it is not very informative
  • it considers only two observations
    (the smallest and the largest)
  • it will be highly affected by extreme values
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11
Q
  1. How are Quantiles deduced?
A
  • the values are sorted from minimum to maximum
  • the values are then split into parts
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12
Q
  1. What are Tertiles?
A
  • this is the splitting of a numeric variable into 3
    categories
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13
Q
  1. What are Quartiles?
A
  • this is the splitting of a numeric value into 4 categories
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14
Q
  1. What are Quintiles?
A
  • this is the splitting of a numeric value into 5 categories
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15
Q
  1. What is the Q1 Value?
    (the first Quartile value)
A
  • this is the value at which 25% of the observed values
    are smaller than it
  • it is also known as the 25th Percentile
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16
Q
  1. What is the Q2 Value?
    (the second Quartile value)
A
  • this is the value at which 50% of the observed values
    are smaller than it
  • it is also known as the 50th Percentile
  • it is the same as the Median
17
Q
  1. What is the Q3 Value?
    (the third Quartile value)
A
  • this is the value at which 75% of the observed values
    are smaller than it
  • this means that only 25% of the observed values are
    greater than it
  • this is also known as the 75th Percentile
18
Q
  1. Does this diagram make sense?
A
  • yes
19
Q
  1. What is the Inter Quartile Range (IQR)?
A
  • this is worked out by subtracting the Q1 value from the
    Q3 value
  • it is the width of the range that contains 50% of the
    Central Data
20
Q
  1. What can be said about the values in a Normal Distribution situation?
A
  • the values cluster around the mean
  • these values can be more or less spread out around
    the mean
21
Q
  1. What is the Standard Deviation?
A
  • it is the typical spread or variation around the mean
  • it is the standard dispersion around the mean
  • it is written as: “s”
22
Q
  1. How do Standard Deviation and the Variance relate to one another?
A
  • the Standard Deviation is the square root of the
    Variance
  • the Variance is another measure of Dispersion
23
Q
  1. In which two types of graphs do we present Numeric Data?
A
  1. Box-Plot
  2. Histogram
24
Q
  1. What is a Box Plot?
A
  • it is a 5 number summary

IT INCLUDES:
- the Minimum (the smallest value)
- the Q1 (first quartile value)
- the M (the median)
- the Q3 (the third quartile value)
- the Maximum (the largest value)

25
Q
  1. What is a Histogram?
A
  • this is a summary graph for a single numeric value
  • the range of the values that a variable can take is
    divided into intervals of equal size
26
Q
  1. What does a Histogram show?
A
  • it shows the number of individual data points that fall
    in each interval
27
Q
  1. Does this Histogram make sense?
A

MED 106- RESEARCH METHODS AND ESSENTIAL MEDICAL STATISTICS (43 decks)

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