1. TYPES OF VARIABLES Flashcards
1
Q
- What kind data can we say in this table?
A
- Qualitative
- Categorical
2
Q
- What kind of data can we see in this table?
A
- Numerical
- Quantitative
3
Q
- Provide labels for number 1-3.
A
- Numeric
- Continuous
- Discrete
4
Q
- Provide labels for 4-7.
A
- Categorical
- Normal Categorical
- Ordered Categorical
- Binary
5
Q
- What is Categorical Data based on?
A
- it is based on a Qualitative Description
6
Q
- What is Numeric Data based on?
A
- this describes data of a measurable quantity
7
Q
- What is Continuous Numeric Data?
A
- this is when a variable can take any possible value
within a given range - EG: Temperature in degrees Celsius
- EG: integers, fractions, etc.
8
Q
- What is Discrete Numeric Data?
A
- this is when a variable can take only specific values
within a given range - there are gaps in the range of variables
9
Q
- What is a Typical Discrete Variable?
A
- it is a count of integers
- EG: a specific number of teeth
10
Q
- What is Normal Categorical Data?
A
- this is when a variable is divided into different
categories - but these categories do not exist in an ordered way
- EG: the brand of a car
11
Q
- What is Ordered Categorical Data?
A
- this is when a variable is divided into different
categories - these categories exist in an ordered manner
- these categories are ordered on a scale
- there are unknown gaps between categories due to the
data not being numerical - EG: an educational level
(elementary, high school, university)
: strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree
12
Q
- What is Binary Categorical Data?
A
- this is a categorical variable with only 2 categories
- the categories are affected by a yes or no
- EG: “does this person have a disease”
13
Q
- Provide labels for 1-3.
A
- Numeric
- Interval Scale
- Ratio Scale
14
Q
- Provide labels for 4-6.
A
- Categorical
- Nominal Scale
- Ordinal Scale
15
Q
- What is Interval Scale Data?
A
- this is very similar to Continuous Data
- except there is no need for an absolute zero
- this includes a variable whose values are graded in
equal increments
EG:
- the distance from one value to the next is equal along
the whole range of values
- such as Temperature in Celsius
- 0 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water
- water and heat are still present at this point
WHEREAS:
- 0 degrees Kelvin is the truest zero
- this is the complete absence of heat
16
Q
- What is Ratio Scale Data?
A
- this is the same as the interval scale
- except there is a true zero that exists
- this means that there is a true absence of quantity
17
Q
- What is Nominal Scale Categorical Data?
A
- this is when a variable is divided into different
categories - these categories do not exist in an ordered way
- EG: a person’s country of origin
18
Q
- What is Ordinal Scale Categorical Data?
A
- this is when a variable is divided into different
categories - these categories exist in an ordered manner
- EG: low income, middle income, high income
19
Q
- What type of variables would you classify Blood Triglycerides as?
A
- Numeric
- Continuous (Ratio Scale)
20
Q
- What type of variables would you classify Dietary Patterns (very healthy, moderately healthy, unhealthy) as?
A
- Categorical
- Ordered (Ordinal Scale)
21
Q
- What type of variables would you classify the Cyprus District (Nicosia, Limassol, Larnaca, Paphos) as?
A
- Categorical
- Normal (Nominal Scale)
22
Q
- What type of variables would you classify the number of asthma attacked per month as?
A
- Numeric
- Discrete (Ratio Scale)
23
Q
- What can be said about Actual (Absolute) Numbers?
A
- they are rarely informative
- they do not aid to comparisons in general
- they may be misleading
24
Q
- What is missing with these two data examples?
A
- there are no proportions or parameters
- we are missing the total population of both countries
25
Q
- What is one manner in which we can present Categorical Variables?
A
- we can count the number of data values in each
category - we can organise these counts into a frequency table
- this table displays the numbers and the proportions
for each category
26
Q
- What are two types of graphs we can use to present categorical data?
A
- Bar Charts
- Pie Charts
27
Q
- What is a Bar Chart?
A
- it is a graph that displays the distribution of a
categorical variable - it shows the counts for one category next to the
other category - this allows for easy comparison
THE BARS:
- have the same widths
- they have equal spaces between the bars
28
Q
- What kind of graph is this an example of?
A
- a clustered Bar Chart
29
Q
- What are Pie Charts?
A
- these are charts that show the total population
(sample size) as a circle - the circle is sliced into pieces
- the size of the piece is proportional to the fraction of
the whole in each category
30
Q
- What is a single, central and typical value for a given data variable that other values cluster around?
A
- this is the centre (location) of distribution
- this is known as the Measures of Central Tendency
31
Q
- What are the 3 Measures of Central Tendency?
A
- Mean
- Median
- Mode
32
Q
- What is the extent of the spread of the values of a given data variable?
A
- these are known as the Measures of Dispersion
- the values of the data variable are dispersed with
respect to the Central value of the distribution
33
Q
- What are the 3 Measures of Distribution?
A
- Variance
- Standard Deviation
- Interquartile Range
34
Q
- Does this diagram make sense?
A
- yes
35
Q
- Does this diagram make sense?
A
- yes
