4 The impact of mass pop culture including cinema, radio, music, youth culture, and sports broadcasting

Question 1

cinema

Ealing comedies :D

Answer 1

1. passport to pimlico 1949 : pimlico becomes an independent state from the rest of Britain.
   - the district then no longer has to face rationing restrictions
2. Hue and cry 1947
   - villains loosely based on the wartime black markets
3. Meet mr Lucifer 1953

Question 2

cinema

how did cinema reflect fears of a permissive society?

examples

Answer 2

1. Get Carter (1971)

• drug abuse, prostitution
• portrayed a corrupt Britain

2. A Clockwork Orange (1971)

• gangs of young men rape for enjoyment
• concerns over ‘hooliganism’
• director withdrew film after murder was blamed on the movie

Question 3

cinema

war films

Answer 3

• they were important to britain post war while it was struggling and other nations thriving (USA)
• bridge on the river Kwali 1957 Japanese eventually defeated, british strength
• the dam busters 1955
• sink the bismarck 1960

Question 4

cinema

spy films

Answer 4

the ipcress fire 1965
dr no 1962 first 007 film
- reflected the boom in the 60s

Question 5

cinema

social relaism

Answer 5

• look back in anger 1956
• a taste of honey 1961
• both were old stories of the passions, desires, and ambitions of everyday people
• Saturday night, sunday morning 1961

Question 6

cinema

decline

Answer 6

funding began to drain due to hollywood
few successful blockbusters apart from the James Bond movies.

Question 7

radio

BBC Radio 1918-1939: director general + mission

Answer 7

John Reith
- ‘inform, educate, entertain’ mission
- he wanted to improve the general publics understanding of the world

Question 8

radio

impact

Answer 8

shaped trends
faster information than newspapers
national culture of radio eclipsed when TV was developed though….

Question 9

radio

pirate radio: what was it? what happened to the BBC?

Answer 9

unliscensed radio
- By the 1950s, the 3 war channels: the home programme, the light programme, and the third programme began to lose listeners to pirate radio
- the bbc was forced to broadcast pop
- radio 1, 2, and 3 replaced the 3 war channels targetting the youth away from pirate radio

Question 10

radio

pirate radio: example

Answer 10

radio caroline (pirate) had 10m listeners in britain by 1964.

Question 11

radio

commercial radio

Answer 11

1975: commercial licenses for radio issued
- bbc lost monopoly
- more niche audiences

Question 12

music

beatlemania

Answer 12

• linked to living standards being higher
• 1963-1966 they released cheerful, optimistic pop music
• 4th single ‘she loves you’ 1964 sold 750,000 copies in under a month
• stopped touring in 1966 due to exhaustion from fame

Question 13

music

reggae: roots

Answer 13

roots reggae - rastafarianism linked
- anti racist

Question 14

music

roots reggae: who was linton kwesi Johnson?

Answer 14

• linton kmesi johnson’s ‘dread beat and blood’ 1978 album: he was a political activist and joined the black panthers youth group

Question 15

music

reggae: ska

Answer 15

• aggressive sound
• ‘two tone’
• eg. the specials
• wrote music that reflected lack of opportunity for young people in the 70s

Question 16

music

reggae : where did it come from?

Answer 16

immigration in the 1950s brought sounds from trinidad and Jamaica to the UK
- 1969: island and trojan imported reggae records
- ‘israelites’ first reggae no.1 by Desmond Dekker

Question 17

music

music 1918-1945

Answer 17

Ivor novello most popular ‘keep the home fires burning’ during ww1. (released in 1915
- lucrative? novello made £15,000 from his record company :0

Question 18

music

mod music

Answer 18

eg. the who, the kinks, small faces
- working class reflection
- mod ‘look’ was a product of consumerism and became important to the music itself

Question 19

music

jazz and swing

Answer 19

american forces radio (AFR) broadcast jazz + swing across the country during ww2.
- eg. duke ellington, count basie
- 20,000 dance bands by 1930 according to the melody maker magazine

Question 20

music

punk: examples

Answer 20

sex pistols, the clash, the buzzcocks

Question 21

music

punk: look and emotion

Answer 21

• spiked hair + piercings, ripped jeans to look ‘shocking’
• emphasised anger with the declining living standards
• most preferred disco, eg. bee gees
• first originated in nyc

Question 22

music

what music paper linked punk to declining living standards

Answer 22

new musical express

Question 23

music

most popular recording artist in 1970s

Answer 23

Elton John who had 16 top 50 albums
- queen - 16m records sold 1955-1977

Question 24

music

rock n roll: genres, examples

Answer 24

• skiffle genre very popular
• elvis, buddy holly, chuck berry very popular
• Beatles, Kinks, Rolling Stones who replaced skiffle with their own genre

Question 25

# music glam rock: what did it reflect?

Answer 25

- rising living standards - financial freedom - identity -

Question 26

# music glam rock: examples

Answer 26

Marc Bolan and David Bowie - androgynous look - ziggy stardust was Bowie's alter ego - first appearance was Bowie in 1972 at top of the pops - 'camp manerisms' rejection of heterosexuality

Question 27

# music glam rock reactions

Answer 27

- older people shocked by the androgynous looks

Question 28

# youth culture why did it emerge?

Answer 28

- 900,000-1m births per year post war - 'baby boomers' meant a new market based on American influences

Question 29

# youth culture teenagers: developments in education?

Answer 29

- 1960s: university much more popular - 1947: school leaving age raised to 15

Question 30

# youth culture teenagers: ready steady go

Answer 30

'ready steady go' from 1963-1966 aimed at mods. - both presenters and audience dressed in latest fashion

Question 31

# youth culture teenagers: income and music?

Answer 31

- teenagers had more disposable income, latest gadgets marketed as 'essential' - top of the pops aimed at youth culture in 1964

Question 32

# youth culture teddy boys, punks, mods, rockers

Answer 32

- mid 1950s: teddy boy gangs with slicked back hair and edwardian suits who listened to rock n roll - punks: later, 1970s... chains, mohican hairstiles - mods: italiante suits, motorscooters from italy: rhythm and blues inspired, beatles... they morphed into skinheads with short hair, braces, and 'arrogance' - rockers: leather jackets and powerful motorbikes. edge rock eg. Eddie cochran

Question 33

# sports broadcasting sport during world war 2

Answer 33

may 1943: 55,000 attended a football match at chelsea - raised £8000 for naval welfare charities - military personnel encouraged to keep fit by organised sport

Question 34

# sports broadcasting cricket! 1948.. then decline :(

Answer 34

1948 ashes rival viewership with the olympics. - decline: 1955... 3473 matches. In 1961 there were 2268. - this decline reflected britain's imperial past. - west indian + asian immigrants most passionate in the 1960s and beyond

Question 35

# sports broadcasting spectators sports 1945-1979

Answer 35

- 1950s: cricket was the most liked sport in England - 1960s: cricket seen as upper middle class - Football world cup 1966 England beat west gemrnay, 32m viewers - this all meant an increased government investment in sports in 1960s/1970s - sports council of Great Britain in 1972 to promote 'sports for all'

Question 36

# sports broadcasting football! 1948...1968

Answer 36

1948: 41 million tickets sold for football league matches 1968: decline.. around 30 million 60s/70s had to compete with tv. - reflection? austerity... violent clashes between rival fans