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History Paper 1 > 4 The impact of mass pop culture including cinema, radio, music, youth culture, and sports broadcasting > Flashcards

4 The impact of mass pop culture including cinema, radio, music, youth culture, and sports broadcasting Flashcards

1
Q

cinema

Ealing comedies :D

A
  1. passport to pimlico 1949 : pimlico becomes an independent state from the rest of Britain.
    - the district then no longer has to face rationing restrictions
  2. Hue and cry 1947
    - villains loosely based on the wartime black markets
  3. Meet mr Lucifer 1953
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2
Q

cinema

how did cinema reflect fears of a permissive society?

examples

A
  1. Get Carter (1971)
  • drug abuse, prostitution
  • portrayed a corrupt Britain
  1. A Clockwork Orange (1971)
  • gangs of young men rape for enjoyment
  • concerns over ‘hooliganism’
  • director withdrew film after murder was blamed on the movie
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3
Q

cinema

war films

A
  • they were important to britain post war while it was struggling and other nations thriving (USA)
  • bridge on the river Kwali 1957 Japanese eventually defeated, british strength
  • the dam busters 1955
  • sink the bismarck 1960
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4
Q

cinema

spy films

A

the ipcress fire 1965
dr no 1962 first 007 film
- reflected the boom in the 60s

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5
Q

cinema

social relaism

A
  • look back in anger 1956
  • a taste of honey 1961
  • both were old stories of the passions, desires, and ambitions of everyday people
  • Saturday night, sunday morning 1961
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6
Q

cinema

decline

A

funding began to drain due to hollywood
few successful blockbusters apart from the James Bond movies.

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7
Q

radio

BBC Radio 1918-1939: director general + mission

A

John Reith
- ‘inform, educate, entertain’ mission
- he wanted to improve the general publics understanding of the world

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8
Q

radio

impact

A

shaped trends
faster information than newspapers
national culture of radio eclipsed when TV was developed though….

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9
Q

radio

pirate radio: what was it? what happened to the BBC?

A

unliscensed radio
- By the 1950s, the 3 war channels: the home programme, the light programme, and the third programme began to lose listeners to pirate radio
- the bbc was forced to broadcast pop
- radio 1, 2, and 3 replaced the 3 war channels targetting the youth away from pirate radio

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10
Q

radio

pirate radio: example

A

radio caroline (pirate) had 10m listeners in britain by 1964.

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11
Q

radio

commercial radio

A

1975: commercial licenses for radio issued
- bbc lost monopoly
- more niche audiences

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12
Q

music

beatlemania

A
  • linked to living standards being higher
  • 1963-1966 they released cheerful, optimistic pop music
  • 4th single ‘she loves you’ 1964 sold 750,000 copies in under a month
  • stopped touring in 1966 due to exhaustion from fame
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13
Q

music

reggae: roots

A

roots reggae - rastafarianism linked
- anti racist

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14
Q

music

roots reggae: who was linton kwesi Johnson?

A
  • linton kmesi johnson’s ‘dread beat and blood’ 1978 album: he was a political activist and joined the black panthers youth group
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15
Q

music

reggae: ska

A
  • aggressive sound
  • ‘two tone’
  • eg. the specials
  • wrote music that reflected lack of opportunity for young people in the 70s
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16
Q

music

reggae : where did it come from?

A

immigration in the 1950s brought sounds from trinidad and Jamaica to the UK
- 1969: island and trojan imported reggae records
- ‘israelites’ first reggae no.1 by Desmond Dekker

17
Q

music

music 1918-1945

A

Ivor novello most popular ‘keep the home fires burning’ during ww1. (released in 1915
- lucrative? novello made £15,000 from his record company :0

18
Q

music

mod music

A

eg. the who, the kinks, small faces
- working class reflection
- mod ‘look’ was a product of consumerism and became important to the music itself

19
Q

music

jazz and swing

A

american forces radio (AFR) broadcast jazz + swing across the country during ww2.
- eg. duke ellington, count basie
- 20,000 dance bands by 1930 according to the melody maker magazine

20
Q

music

punk: examples

A

sex pistols, the clash, the buzzcocks

21
Q

music

punk: look and emotion

A
  • spiked hair + piercings, ripped jeans to look ‘shocking’
  • emphasised anger with the declining living standards
  • most preferred disco, eg. bee gees
  • first originated in nyc
22
Q

music

what music paper linked punk to declining living standards

A

new musical express

23
Q

music

most popular recording artist in 1970s

A

Elton John who had 16 top 50 albums
- queen - 16m records sold 1955-1977

24
Q

music

rock n roll: genres, examples

A
  • skiffle genre very popular
  • elvis, buddy holly, chuck berry very popular
  • Beatles, Kinks, Rolling Stones who replaced skiffle with their own genre
25
Q

music

glam rock: what did it reflect?

A
  • rising living standards
  • financial freedom
  • ## identity
26
Q

music

glam rock: examples

A

Marc Bolan and David Bowie
- androgynous look
- ziggy stardust was Bowie’s alter ego
- first appearance was Bowie in 1972 at top of the pops
- ‘camp manerisms’ rejection of heterosexuality

27
Q

music

glam rock reactions

A
  • older people shocked by the androgynous looks
28
Q

youth culture

why did it emerge?

A
  • 900,000-1m births per year post war
  • ‘baby boomers’ meant a new market based on American influences
29
Q

youth culture

teenagers: developments in education?

A
  • 1960s: university much more popular
  • 1947: school leaving age raised to 15
30
Q

youth culture

teenagers: ready steady go

A

‘ready steady go’ from 1963-1966 aimed at mods.
- both presenters and audience dressed in latest fashion

31
Q

youth culture

teenagers: income and music?

A
  • teenagers had more disposable income, latest gadgets marketed as ‘essential’
  • top of the pops aimed at youth culture in 1964
32
Q

youth culture

teddy boys, punks, mods, rockers

A
  • mid 1950s: teddy boy gangs with slicked back hair and edwardian suits who listened to rock n roll
  • punks: later, 1970s… chains, mohican hairstiles
  • mods: italiante suits, motorscooters from italy: rhythm and blues inspired, beatles… they morphed into skinheads with short hair, braces, and ‘arrogance’
  • rockers: leather jackets and powerful motorbikes. edge rock eg. Eddie cochran
33
Q

sports broadcasting

sport during world war 2

A

may 1943: 55,000 attended a football match at chelsea
- raised £8000 for naval welfare charities
- military personnel encouraged to keep fit by organised sport

34
Q

sports broadcasting

cricket! 1948.. then decline :(

A

1948 ashes rival viewership with the olympics.
- decline: 1955… 3473 matches. In 1961 there were 2268.
- this decline reflected britain’s imperial past.
- west indian + asian immigrants most passionate in the 1960s and beyond

35
Q

sports broadcasting

spectators sports 1945-1979

A
  • 1950s: cricket was the most liked sport in England
  • 1960s: cricket seen as upper middle class
  • Football world cup 1966 England beat west gemrnay, 32m viewers
  • this all meant an increased government investment in sports in 1960s/1970s - sports council of Great Britain in 1972 to promote ‘sports for all’
36
Q

sports broadcasting

football! 1948…1968

A

1948: 41 million tickets sold for football league matches
1968: decline.. around 30 million
60s/70s had to compete with tv.
- reflection? austerity… violent clashes between rival fans

History Paper 1 (37 decks)

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