2 creation + impact of the NHS 1945-1951

Question 1

National Health service act 1946

what did Bevan want the National Health Service to look like?

Answer 1

• universal
• comprehensive (dentist, GPs, opticians, along with specialist treatment
• free (paid for by direct taxation)

Question 2

What happened after the National Health Service Act 1946?

Answer 2

Bevan nationalised existing hospitals
that would be run by regional boards and authorities

Question 3

what was the consensus in 1945

Answer 3

cross party consensus that there should be a system of national healthcare, Bevan was appointed health secretary.

Question 4

how did bevan achieve the cooperation of the doctors?

3 things he did to achieve this

Answer 4

1. consultants were allowed to continue working privately, with beds allocated for them
2. GPs not considered local authority employees to avoid pay restrictions
3. regional health boards dominated by rich, and appointed

the BMA agreed, but the NHS was therefore run by privilleged people from the outset

Question 5

impact of the NHS acronym

5 things

Answer 5

PACHD
prevention, accessibility, cost, health, divisions.

Question 6

prevention

:)

Answer 6

life expectancy increased to 77 (w) in 1979, and 71 (m) in 1948

Question 7

accessibility

:)

Answer 7

local new institutions coordinated under the NHS had closer ties to universities, improving access to medicine and doctor careers for students

Question 8

costs

:(

Answer 8

necessary budget increased dramatically £222m between 1948-1950

Question 9

health

:) + :(

Answer 9

declining mortality rate between 1948-1979

aging population meant new diseases emerged. Cancer increased in prevelance in the 1950s and 1960s

Question 10

divisions

:(

Answer 10

bevan resigned in 1951 due to prescription charge of 5p proposal.

Question 11

Early NHS tripartite system

Answer 11

1. hospital services
2. primary care (dentists, GPs, opticians)
3. comunity services

Question 12

Early NHS distribution

:(

Answer 12

resources unevenly distributed, including infrastructure. hospitals recieved 70% of funding, but preventative healthcare programmes recieved much less

Question 13

how many hospitals established in 1948

Answer 13

31000

Question 14

How was the NHS a victim of it’s own success?

Answer 14

• life expectancy increasing meant more resources and procedures needed

Question 15

expansion of treatment

1948

Answer 15

6.8m prescriptions in June, by September there were 13.6m being produced.

Question 16

prior to 1939 vs 1964

vaccinations

Answer 16

prior to 1939: only smallpox vaccination routinely available
but, by 1964 there was diptheria, TB, poliomyelitis, whooping cough and more available

Question 17

1954

specialist services available

Answer 17

chiropody services available

Question 18

Opinions on the NHS by 1964

Answer 18

it was proving to be a very cost effective way of healthcare, but by the 1970s opinions were changing again.