2 The Development of the NHS 1951-1979 Flashcards

1
Q

Macmillan’s 1962 Hospital Plan

A
  • 90 new hospitals
  • 356 refurbished hospitals
  • 134 redesigned hospitals
    BUT lots of funding went to london, reflecting inequalities.
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2
Q

how did conservatives regulate welfare spending in the 1960s?

relationship to labour

A

Tories maintained and increased Labour’s welfare spending in the 1960s.

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3
Q

NHS Impact on contraception.

A
  • 1961 the pill, BUT increased risk of cancer, and men then took less responsibility for contraception
  • free contraception in the 1970s
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4
Q

1967 Abortion Act

A

the right to terminate a baby was dependent on the approval of 2 (usually male) doctors.
it also cost £200 and was poorly regulated, which meant 72 maternal deaths between 1968-1970

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5
Q

Impact of the NHS on childbirth?

A

By 1978, 92% of women gave birth in a hospital, but 70-90% of these women were given an episiotomy, often without them knowing.
- however, maternal death rate fell from 1/1000 1948 to 0.18/1000 in 1970.

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6
Q

Impact of NHS on female employment?

A

in 1948, government attempted to employ 54,000 female nurses. But, women were often stuck in low income paying jobs.

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7
Q

inequality in the NHS

The Merrison Report 1979

What did it expose?

A

Hospitals recieved 70% of funding, but mental health, GPs, surgery recieved much less.

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8
Q

Inequality in the NHS

annual budget for middle class vs working class people?

A

£4.98 per head
vs
£3.19 per head

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9
Q

inequality in the nhs

middle class areas vs working class areas in terms of hospitals being built?

A

50% of hospitals in middle class areas built after 1900, 80% hospitals in working class areas built before 1900.

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10
Q

inequality in the nhs

1980 The Black Report

what did it expose?

A

working class women were 2x more likely to die in childbirth than middle class women

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11
Q

the inverse care law

A

the inverse care law meant there was surplus healthcare in middle class areas where it was less needed, but a healthcare deficit in working class areas where it was more needed by miners’ getting injured.

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12
Q

1957 Royal Commission for Mental illness and mental deficiency published the 1959 Mental Health Act. What demands did it contain?

A
  • mentally ill people must be referred to as ‘mentally ill’ rather than ‘insane’
  • ‘open door policy’ meaning treatment sessions could be in the day rather than forcing a patient into long term treatment.
  • decisions over treatment were to be made by mental health tribunals not judges.
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13
Q

[mental health act] why could the demands not be met?

A

there were not enough beds, patients were often admitted to non-specialist hospitals instead.

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14
Q

Between 1967-1981: mental health enquiries

how many? what were the results?

A

25 seperate enquiries into abuse in psychiatric hospitals. But, there was no major reform until the 1980s, and these were largely ignored before this.

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15
Q

Sir Keith Joseph [conservative secretary of state for social services] reform?

what act…?

A

NHS Reorganisation Act 1973 meant a growth in costs 1974-1979.

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16
Q

Dr David Owen [Labour Minister of State for Health 1974-1976] established…?

What did it identify?

A

Resource Allocation Working Party. It identified areas of health deprivation, allocating additional resources to these areas.

17
Q
A