4 Cellular Signalling

Question 1

What is the protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to mRNA?

Answer 1

Transcription Factor

Question 2

Phospholipase C is used by G-Proteins to generate te second messenger cAMP, or Inositol?

Answer 2

Inositol

Question 3

Can steroid hormones pass unassisted through the plasma membrane of cells?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What is the name of the intracellular receptor that binds to a DNA portion in order to trigger the production of specific proteins?

Answer 4

Transcription factors

Question 5

On binding of a ligand to a G-Protein receptor, the alpha subunit replaces the GDP to which it is bound with which molecule?

Answer 5

GTP

Question 6

Cellular signalling generated by cells in physical contact with the target cells is known as:

Answer 6

Juxtacrine signalling

Question 7

Nitric Oxide, a metabolite of GTN, is able to pass directly through the cell membrane - true or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Cellular signalling generated locally to the target cell is known as:

Answer 8

Paracrine signalling

Question 9

Adenylyl Cyclase, when activated by a G-Protein, uses what molecule to create Cyclic AMP?

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

Juxtacrine or Paracrine signals are produced by cells in physical contact with the target cell?

Answer 10

Juxtacrine

Question 11

What type of proteins are the receptors for steroid/thyroid hormones and retinoids?

Answer 11

Transcription factors

Question 12

The second messenger Inositol is associated with which membrane bound enzyme?

Answer 12

Phospholipase-C

Question 13

Cellular signalling produced by hormones in a location of the body remote to the target cell is known as:

Answer 13

Endocrine Signalling

Question 14

Steroid hormone receptors are located:

On the cell membrane

or

In the cytoplasm

Answer 14

In the cytoplasm

Question 15

Cellular signalling generated by the target cell itself are known as:

Answer 15

Autocrine signalling

Question 16

Signalling molecules that do not pass through the plasma membrane are sometimes called:

Answer 16

First Messengers

Question 17

Nitric Oxide (NO) requires a specific membrane receptor in order to stimulate Guanylyl Cyclase - true or false?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Cellular receptors bind to:

Answer 18

Ligands

Question 19

What is the name of the group of proteins which can transfer phosphate groups to target proteins, lipids and carbohydrates?

Answer 19

Kinase

(Kinases)

Question 20

Cell membrane receptors are used by Steroid Hormones, or Polypeptide Hormones?

Answer 20

Polypeptide hormones

Question 21

What are the two major classes of hormone signalling?

Answer 21

Steroid Hormone Signalling

Polypeptide and Monoamine Hormone Signalling

Question 22

In order for the catalytic subunits of Protein Kinase A to be made active, what molecule must bind with the regulatory domains?

Answer 22

cAMP