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Biochemistry > 1 Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

1 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Which amino acid is an excellent nitrogen donor?

A

Glutamate

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2
Q

Anabolic reactions are what type of reaction?

A

Building reactions

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3
Q

What element is consumed in order to produce ATP?

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

NADH and FADH are the major acceptors of electrons in fuel catabolism within the body, they are ______ agents?

A

Reducing

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5
Q

One NADH molecule provides for the production of how many ATP?

A

2.5 ATP

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6
Q

Overall cellular energy state of a cell is given as a ratio of which two molecules?

A

ATP : ADP

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7
Q

What element serves as the ultimate electron acceptor in the body?

A

Oxygen

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8
Q

Catabolic reactions are what type of reaction?

A

Breaking down reactions

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9
Q

Reactions which occur spontaneously have a positive or negative free energy?

A

Negative

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10
Q

What structure is responsible for maintaining acidity (charge gradient) in the intermembraneous space of a mitochondrion, and where is this structure located?

A

Proton pumps

Mitochondrial inner membrane

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11
Q

Reactants require re-setting in order to continue performing functions across membranes in the mitochondrion, by what process is this achieved?

A

Transamination

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12
Q

Antimycin A blocks electron transport by affecting which component of the electron transport chain?

A

Inhibition of complex III

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13
Q

What function does the quantity of hydrogen between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes serve?

A

Provision of electrochemical gradient

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14
Q

How are biosynthetic reactions made favorable?

A

Coupling reactions with hydrolysis of high-energy compoinds

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15
Q

What is transamination?

A

Transfer of amine groups

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16
Q

In mitochondria, transamination is useful in helping molecules achieve what?

A

Passage across the membrane

17
Q

Can ATP be stored if it is not used?

A

No

18
Q

one FADH molecule provides for the production of how many ATP?

A

1.5 ATP

19
Q

What process is the number one consumer of of ATP in the human body?

A

Membrane transport of sodium

20
Q

How many ATP are formed by glycolysis?

A

2 ATP

21
Q

In catabolism of fuel in the body, what molecules serve as the major electron acceptors?

A

NADH, FADH

22
Q

What are the three major functions of ATP in the body at a macro level?

A

Maintaining sodium gradients

Promote protein synthesis

Supply energy for muscle contraction

23
Q

What element passes in large quantities through the mitochondrial outer membrane but not the mitochondrial inner membrane?

A

Hydrogen

24
Q

In redox reactions, reduction is a loss or a gain of electrons?

A

Gain

25
Q

Biosynthetic reactions are made favorable and driven by what molecule?

A

ATP

26
Q

Increased production of ATP is triggered by higher levels of what molecule?

A

ADP

27
Q

Rotenone blocks electron transport by affecting which aspect of the electron transport chain?

A

Function of complex I

28
Q

When proteins are broken down to amino acids, what is the waste product?

A

NH3

(Ammonia)

29
Q

What type of molecules are NADH and FADH?

A

Coenzymes

30
Q

In redox reactions, oxidation is a loss or gain of electrons?

A

loss

31
Q

What membrane bound enzyme is responsible for the production of ATP?

A

ATP synthase

32
Q

Within the mitochondria, electron transport and O2 consumption are regulated by the concentration of what molecule?

A

ADP

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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