1 Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Which amino acid is an excellent nitrogen donor?

Answer 1

Glutamate

Question 2

Anabolic reactions are what type of reaction?

Answer 2

Building reactions

Question 3

What element is consumed in order to produce ATP?

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

NADH and FADH are the major acceptors of electrons in fuel catabolism within the body, they are ______ agents?

Answer 4

Reducing

Question 5

One NADH molecule provides for the production of how many ATP?

Answer 5

2.5 ATP

Question 6

Overall cellular energy state of a cell is given as a ratio of which two molecules?

Answer 6

ATP : ADP

Question 7

What element serves as the ultimate electron acceptor in the body?

Answer 7

Oxygen

Question 8

Catabolic reactions are what type of reaction?

Answer 8

Breaking down reactions

Question 9

Reactions which occur spontaneously have a positive or negative free energy?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

What structure is responsible for maintaining acidity (charge gradient) in the intermembraneous space of a mitochondrion, and where is this structure located?

Answer 10

Proton pumps

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Question 11

Reactants require re-setting in order to continue performing functions across membranes in the mitochondrion, by what process is this achieved?

Answer 11

Transamination

Question 12

Antimycin A blocks electron transport by affecting which component of the electron transport chain?

Answer 12

Inhibition of complex III

Question 13

What function does the quantity of hydrogen between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes serve?

Answer 13

Provision of electrochemical gradient

Question 14

How are biosynthetic reactions made favorable?

Answer 14

Coupling reactions with hydrolysis of high-energy compoinds

Question 15

What is transamination?

Answer 15

Transfer of amine groups

Question 16

In mitochondria, transamination is useful in helping molecules achieve what?

Answer 16

Passage across the membrane

Question 17

Can ATP be stored if it is not used?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

one FADH molecule provides for the production of how many ATP?

Answer 18

1.5 ATP

Question 19

What process is the number one consumer of of ATP in the human body?

Answer 19

Membrane transport of sodium

Question 20

How many ATP are formed by glycolysis?

Answer 20

2 ATP

Question 21

In catabolism of fuel in the body, what molecules serve as the major electron acceptors?

Answer 21

NADH, FADH

Question 22

What are the three major functions of ATP in the body at a macro level?

Answer 22

Maintaining sodium gradients

Promote protein synthesis

Supply energy for muscle contraction

Question 23

What element passes in large quantities through the mitochondrial outer membrane but not the mitochondrial inner membrane?

Answer 23

Hydrogen

Question 24

In redox reactions, reduction is a loss or a gain of electrons?

Answer 24

Gain

Question 25

Biosynthetic reactions are **made favorable** and **driven** by what molecule?

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

Increased production of ATP is triggered by higher levels of what molecule?

Answer 26

ADP

Question 27

Rotenone blocks electron transport by affecting which aspect of the electron transport chain?

Answer 27

Function of complex I

Question 28

When **proteins** are broken down to **amino acids**, what is the **waste product**?

Answer 28

NH_{3 (Ammonia)}

Question 29

What type of molecules are NADH and FADH?

Answer 29

Coenzymes

Question 30

In redox reactions, oxidation is a **loss** or **gain** of electrons?

Answer 30

loss

Question 31

What membrane bound enzyme is responsible for the production of ATP?

Answer 31

ATP synthase

Question 32

Within the mitochondria, **electron transport** and **O₂ consumption** are **regulated** by the concentration of what molecule?

Answer 32

ADP