3 Proteins- Synthesis, Structure, Modification

Question 1

What are the three main RNA components necessary for protein translation?

Answer 1

Ribosonal RNA (rRNA)

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 2

What are the two constituent materials of Ribosomes?

Answer 2

rRNA

Proteins

Question 3

Which type of RNA serves as the Blueprint for new proteins constructed by the ribosomes?

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

What process must amino acids undergo in order to be able to bind to tRNA?

Answer 4

Enzymatic Activation

Question 5

What form must ATP take in order to bind to an Amino Acid and activate it?

Answer 5

AMP

Question 6

What are the three major steps of protein translation?

Answer 6

Initiation

Elongation

Termination

Question 7

What are the two functional components of an eukaryotic 80S Ribosome?

Answer 7

60S

40S

Question 8

Which half of an eukaryotic ribosome mounts to the mRNA prior to the AUG codon?

Answer 8

40S

Question 9

The 40S component of a ribosome begins translation at the 3’ or the 5’ end of the mRNA molecule?

Answer 9

5’

Question 10

Multiple ribosomes working along the same mRNA strip are known as:

Answer 10

Polysomes

Question 11

What is a Polysome?

Answer 11

Multiple ribosomes working along the same mRNA

Question 12

How are proteins marked for degradation by proteosomes?

Answer 12

Addition of Ubiquitin

Question 13

What is the purpose of the copolymerization of Ubiquitin with proteins?

Answer 13

Establishing the lifespan of proteins

Marking for destruction by proteosomes

Question 14

What are the two forms which may be assumed by a protein in the secondary structure?

Answer 14

α-Helix

ß-Sheet

Question 15

α-Helices and ß-Sheets are conformations of which structural level of proteins?

Answer 15

Secondary

Question 16

What type of bonds are used to form proteins in to α-Helices and ß-Sheets?

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

What aspect determines the final shape of a protein at all levels of their structure?

Answer 17

Amino Acid Sequence

Question 18

Which three amino acids contain OH groups, useful for Protein Phosphorylation?

Answer 18

Serine

Threonine

Tyrosine

Question 19

Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine are the only amino acid groups which have OH groups, and therefore are critical in which posttranslational protein modification?

Answer 19

Protein Phosphorylation

Question 20

What two features does phosphorylation of a protein achieve?

Answer 20

Conformation change - new functions

Creation of binding sites

Question 21

What are the four forms of posttranslational protein modification?

Answer 21

Phosphorylation

Glycosylation

Acetylation

Methylation

Question 22

What are the two forms of glycosylation?

Answer 22

N-Linked

O-Linked

Question 23

What is the role of tRNA?

Answer 23

Bringing Amino Acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 24

What is the relationship between tRNA and mRNA?

Answer 24

tRNA matches codons on mRNA to sequence assembly of amino acids

Question 25

How is energy supplied in activation of Amino Acids when binding the acids to tRNA?

Answer 25

ATP

Question 26

Which enzyme mediates the binding of Amino Acids to tRNA?

Answer 26

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase

Question 27

What is one of the benefits of glycosylation of proteins?

Answer 27

Protects proteins from degradation

Question 28

Which protein modification occurs in the Endoplasmic Reticulum during translation?

Answer 28

N-Linked Glycosylation