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Biochemistry > 1 Biological Macromolecules > Flashcards

1 Biological Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

Enzymes are referred to by names with the suffix:

A

-ase

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2
Q

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are peptide bonds found?

A

Primary stage

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3
Q

A lipid with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts is described as:

A

Ampiphilic

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4
Q

Biomolecule names with the suffix -ase refer to:

A

Enzymes

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5
Q

Polymerisation requires dehydration or hydrolysis?

A

Dehydration

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6
Q

Most biomolecules are monomers, or polymers?

A

Polymers

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7
Q

The folding of a protein in to a secondary structure is known as:

A

Conformation

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8
Q

Which component of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Head group

or

Fatty acid tails

A

Fatty acid tails

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9
Q

The NH2 Group of an amino acid is known as the:

A

Amino group

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10
Q

Are the twenty individual amino acids monomers or polymers?

A

Monomers

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11
Q

What chemical constitutes the main pH buffer of the blood?

A

Bicarbonates

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12
Q

Glycosidic bonds perform what function?

A

Join two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide.

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13
Q

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are covalent and non-covalent interactions found?

A

Quaternary

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14
Q

What are the three classes of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

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15
Q

The amino acid Cysteine provides what type of bond to the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Disulphide bonds

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16
Q

Amino acids which may only be obtained as part of the diet are known as:

A

Essential amino acids

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17
Q

The COOH group of an amino acid is known as the:

A

Carboxyl group

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18
Q

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are hydrogen bonds found?

A

Secondary

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19
Q

List the four biological macromolecules:

A

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic acids

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20
Q

What is the basic subunit of a biochemical substance?

A

Monomer

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21
Q

Mirror image structures of amino acids are referred to as:

A

Stereoisomers

22
Q

Which amino acid is responsible for the disulphide bonds which help in forming the tertiary structure of a protein?

A

Cysteine

23
Q

In an amino acid, the amino group is acidic, or basic?

A

Basic

24
Q

In an amino acid, the carboxyl group is basic or acidic?

A

Acidic

25
Q

Saturation of hydrogen bonds in a fatty acid chain increases:

Ridigdity

or

Fluidity?

A

Ridgidity

26
Q

Which organelle is a key player in the production of fat storage?

A

Mitochondria

27
Q

The basic amino group and acidic carboxyl group lead amino acids to be described as:

A

Ampiphatic

28
Q

A biomolecule with a rigid ratio of Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen is a:

Carbohydrate

or

Lipid

A

Carbohydrate

29
Q

Reactions involving addition of water to biomolecules are known as:

A

Hydrolysis

30
Q

For polymerisation of monomers to occur, is water added, or removed?

A

Removed

31
Q

Signalling molecules made by oxidation of 20 carbon fatty acids are known as:

A

Eicosanoids

32
Q

All carbohydrates are formed by carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in what ratio?

A

1 : 2 : 1

33
Q

Lactose intolerance is caused by an absence of an enzyme which peforms what function?

A

Breakage of the glycosidic bond in lactose

34
Q

only one stereoisomer of an amino acid is used in protein synthesis:

L-Amino acids

or

D-Amino acids

A

L-Amino acids

35
Q

What is the sugar found in RNA?

A

Ribose

36
Q

Two monosaccharides are bound together to form a disaccharide by what type of bond?

A

Glycosidic

37
Q

What is the purpose of a pH buffer with regard to amino acids?

A

Buffers keep the amino acids form changing

38
Q

The catalyst for all biochemical reactions in the body is known as:

A

Enzymes

39
Q

Variants of an amino acid labeled as either L or D are known as:

A

Stereoisomers

40
Q

What is the sugar found in DNA?

A

2-Deoxyribose

41
Q

What are the four components of the molecular structure which bond to the central carbon atom of an amino acid?

A

Amino Group

Side Chain

Hydrogen atom

Carboxyl group

42
Q

How many of the twenty main amino acids are considered essential?

A

10

43
Q

3-12 monosaccharides joined together are known as an:

A

Oligosaccharide

44
Q

Which type of common lipid is described as ampiphilic?

A

Phospholipids

45
Q

from which component of a phospholipid does its name derive?

A

The head group

46
Q

Which component of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Head group

or

Fatty acid tails

A

Head group

47
Q

Peptide bonds join which two elements of amino acids together to form chains?

A

Carboxyl group

to the

Amino group

48
Q

Two or more monomers join together to create:

A

Polymers

49
Q

What is the main storage unit for glucose in the human body?

A

Glycogen

50
Q

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are disulphide bonds found?

A

Tertiary

51
Q

Amino acids are all identical with the exception of what aspect of their molecular structure:

A

The Side chain (R group)

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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