1 Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

Enzymes are referred to by names with the suffix:

Answer 1

-ase

Question 2

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are peptide bonds found?

Answer 2

Primary stage

Question 3

A lipid with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts is described as:

Answer 3

Ampiphilic

Question 4

Biomolecule names with the suffix -ase refer to:

Answer 4

Enzymes

Question 5

Polymerisation requires dehydration or hydrolysis?

Answer 5

Dehydration

Question 6

Most biomolecules are monomers, or polymers?

Answer 6

Polymers

Question 7

The folding of a protein in to a secondary structure is known as:

Answer 7

Conformation

Question 8

Which component of a phospholipid is hydrophobic?

Head group

or

Fatty acid tails

Answer 8

Fatty acid tails

Question 9

The NH₂ Group of an amino acid is known as the:

Answer 9

Amino group

Question 10

Are the twenty individual amino acids monomers or polymers?

Answer 10

Monomers

Question 11

What chemical constitutes the main pH buffer of the blood?

Answer 11

Bicarbonates

Question 12

Glycosidic bonds perform what function?

Answer 12

Join two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide.

Question 13

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are covalent and non-covalent interactions found?

Answer 13

Quaternary

Question 14

What are the three classes of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Question 15

The amino acid Cysteine provides what type of bond to the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 15

Disulphide bonds

Question 16

Amino acids which may only be obtained as part of the diet are known as:

Answer 16

Essential amino acids

Question 17

The COOH group of an amino acid is known as the:

Answer 17

Carboxyl group

Question 18

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are hydrogen bonds found?

Answer 18

Secondary

Question 19

List the four biological macromolecules:

Answer 19

Proteins

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Question 20

What is the basic subunit of a biochemical substance?

Answer 20

Monomer

Question 21

Mirror image structures of amino acids are referred to as:

Answer 21

Stereoisomers

Question 22

Which amino acid is responsible for the disulphide bonds which help in forming the tertiary structure of a protein?

Answer 22

Cysteine

Question 23

In an amino acid, the amino group is acidic, or basic?

Answer 23

Basic

Question 24

In an amino acid, the carboxyl group is basic or acidic?

Answer 24

Acidic

Question 25

**Saturation** of hydrogen bonds in a fatty acid chain increases: Ridigdity *or* Fluidity?

Answer 25

Ridgidity

Question 26

Which organelle is a **key player** in the **production** of fat storage?

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

The **basic amino group** and **acidic carboxyl group** lead amino acids to be described as:

Answer 27

Ampiphatic

Question 28

A biomolecule with a **rigid ratio** of Carbon/Hydrogen/Oxygen is a: Carbohydrate *or* Lipid

Answer 28

Carbohydrate

Question 29

Reactions involving **addition** of **water** to biomolecules are known as:

Answer 29

Hydrolysis

Question 30

For **polymerisation** of **monomers** to occur, is water added, or removed?

Answer 30

Removed

Question 31

**Signalling molecules** made by oxidation of 20 carbon fatty acids are known as:

Answer 31

Eicosanoids

Question 32

All **carbohydrates** are formed by *carbon, hydrogen* and *oxygen* in **what ratio**?

Answer 32

1 : 2 : 1

Question 33

Lactose intolerance is caused by an absence of an enzyme which peforms what function?

Answer 33

Breakage of the glycosidic bond in lactose

Question 34

only one **stereoisomer** of an **amino acid** is used in protein synthesis: L-Amino acids *or* D-Amino acids

Answer 34

L-Amino acids

Question 35

What is the sugar found in RNA?

Answer 35

Ribose

Question 36

Two monosaccharides are bound together to form a disaccharide by what type of bond?

Answer 36

Glycosidic

Question 37

What is the purpose of a **pH buffer** with regard to **amino acids**?

Answer 37

Buffers keep the amino acids form changing

Question 38

The catalyst for all biochemical reactions in the body is known as:

Answer 38

Enzymes

Question 39

Variants of an amino acid labeled as either **L** or **D** are known as:

Answer 39

Stereoisomers

Question 40

What is the sugar found in DNA?

Answer 40

2-Deoxyribose

Question 41

What are the **four components** of the molecular structure which **bond** to the **central carbon atom** of an amino acid?

Answer 41

Amino Group Side Chain Hydrogen atom Carboxyl group

Question 42

How many of the twenty main **amino acids** are considered **essential**?

Answer 42

10

Question 43

3-12 monosaccharides joined together are known as an:

Answer 43

Oligosaccharide

Question 44

Which type of common lipid is described as ampiphilic?

Answer 44

Phospholipids

Question 45

from which component of a phospholipid does its name derive?

Answer 45

The head group

Question 46

Which component of a phospholipid is **hydrophilic**? Head group *or* Fatty acid tails

Answer 46

Head group

Question 47

**Peptide bonds** join which **two elements** of amino acids together to form chains?

Answer 47

Carboxyl group *to the* Amino group

Question 48

Two or more **monomers** join together to create:

Answer 48

Polymers

Question 49

What is the main **storage unit** for **glucose** in the human body?

Answer 49

Glycogen

Question 50

In which of the four structural stages of a complete protein are disulphide bonds found?

Answer 50

Tertiary

Question 51

**Amino acids** are all **identical** with the **exception** of what aspect of their molecular structure:

Answer 51

The Side chain (R group)