4 B

Question 0

What is Rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 0

Muscle pain or weakness that has a level of CK that is >10X higher than the normal upper limit. Presents with increased serum creatine as well as dark urine and myoglobinuria.

Question 1

What is the difference between myositis and myalgia?

Answer 1

Myositis is muscle pain or weakness with the presence of Creatine Kinase and myalgia is muscle pain or weakness without the presence of Creatine Kinase.

Question 2

How do bile acid binding resins work?

Answer 2

They bind bile acids and prevent them from emulsifying dietary fats. Prevent the reabsorption of bile acids so the liver has to use hepatic cholesterol to make bile acids.

Question 3

What are some common side effects of bile acid binding resins?

Answer 3

Constipation, bloating, flatulance, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia (indigestion).

Question 4

What are some substances that bile acid binding resins bind to and inhibit the activity of?

Answer 4

Fat soluble vitamins, folate, thiazides, tetracyclines, warfarin, propanolol, penicillin

Question 5

What role does pancreatic lipase play in the digestion of fats?

Answer 5

Hydrolyzes the first and third fatty acid chain of triglycerides found in emulsified fats

Question 6

What four things are found in a micelle?

Answer 6

Monoglycerides, cholesterol, fatty acids, and fat soluble vitamins

Question 7

How are chylomicrons formed?

Answer 7

Intestinal cells absorb lipids from micelles, resynthesize triglycerides, and package triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids into protein-coated chylomicrons.

Question 8

Can chylomicrons be absorbed by capillaries?

Answer 8

No they are absorbed by the lymphatic system

Question 9

What is the function of a statin drug?

Answer 9

To block HMG-CoA Reductase activity thus lowering the amount of endogenous cholesterol made.

Question 10

What is the difference between myalgia and myositis?

Answer 10

Myalgia is muscle pain and weakness without elevated CK

Myositis is muscle pain and weakness with elevated CK

Question 11

What is rhabdomyolysis?

Answer 11

Muscle pain and weakness with very high CK, increased creatinine, dark urine and myoglobinuria.

Question 12

What are the risk factors for statin myopathy?

Answer 12

Elderly, small size, high statin dose, liver or renal disease, diabetes, uncontrolled hypothyroidism, and interacting medications.

Question 13

What is the active ingredient in niacin for lowering cholesterol?

Answer 13

Nicotinic acid

Question 14

How does niacin work to lower cholesterol?

Answer 14

Reduces the production of VLDL which in turn lowers LDL. Also raises HDL levels.

Question 15

How do bile acid binding resins work?

Answer 15

They bind up bile acids so that they can’t participate in the emulsification of fats, prevent bile acid reabsorption, and cause the liver to increase its production of bile acids using hepatic cholesterol to do so.