2 C

Question 0

What is produced by the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 0

Pancreatic juice (HCO3- to neutralize gastric acid and also source of many digestive enzymes).

Question 1

What is produced by the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 1

Insulin and glucagon

Question 2

How does the pancreatic juice get to the duodenum?

Answer 2

It travels via the main pancreatic duct

Question 3

What three things are secreted to neutralize gastric acid?

Answer 3

Pancreatic juice
Bile
Intestinal juises

Question 4

What nine enzymes are in the pancreatic juice?

Answer 4

Pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, colipase, trypsinogen, chymotripsinogen, procarboxypeptidase (A/B), proelastase, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease

Question 5

What is the brush border enzyme that converts trypsinogen into trypsin?

Answer 5

Enterokinase or enteropeptidase

Question 6

What is the effect of trypsin?

Answer 6

It converts chymotrypsinogen into trypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase into carboxypeptidase, and proelastase into elastase.

Question 7

What does the pancreas produce in order to prevent its own digestion?

Answer 7

Trypsin inhibitors

Question 8

What is the role of secretin?

Answer 8

Causes the pancreas to secrete copious amounts of alkaline pancreatic juice that is rich in HCO3- and low in enzymes

Question 9

What does cholecystokinin do?

Answer 9

Stimulates the pancreas to secrete pancreatic juice that is rich in enzymes and low in HCO3-

Question 10

What causes acute pancreatitis?

Answer 10

Small amounts of activated pancreatic enzymes that escape into the pancreas and surrounding tissues.

Question 11

What two things are helpful in accessing inflammation or necrosis of pancreatic acinar cells?

Answer 11

Pancreatic amylase or pancreatic lipase (enzymes in circulation are not good)

Question 12

What are the two main causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 12

Gallstones (stones in the common bile duct) or alcohol abuse.

Question 13

How does alcohol cause pancreatitis?

Answer 13

Mechanism is unknown but we do know that alcohol is known to be a potent stimulator of pancreatic secretions and also causes the sphincter of Oddi of the pancreatic duct to contract.

Question 14

What are some additional risk factors for acute pancreatitis?

Answer 14

Hyperlipidemia, hyperparathyroidism, infections (particularly viral), abdominal and surgical trauma, steroids, and thiazide diuretics.

Question 15

What is the most common initial symptom of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 15

Severe epigastric and abdominal pain that radiates to the back. Pain is aggravated when the patient is lying supine. Less severe when person is sitting and leaning forward. Hypoactive bowel sounds. Loss of a large amount of fluid to the abdominal cavity, tachycardia, hypotension, cool and clammy skin, and fever. Hypocalcemia and jaundice.

Question 16

What are the major risk factors for pancreatic cancer?

Answer 16

Cigarette smoking
High body mass and lack of physical activity
History of chronic pancreatitis

Question 17

What is the most common lethal genetic disease among whites?

Answer 17

Cystic fibrosis

Question 18

What are some of the manifestations of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 18

Malfunction of exocrine glands (increased viscosity of mucus and increased concentration of chloride in sweat and tears).

Question 19

What are the clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 19

Chronic pulmonary disease
Pancreatic insufficiency
Meconium ileus