3 C Flashcards
How does CCK influence bile secretion?
It stimulates gall bladder contraction and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
What duct directly receives bile from the gall bladder during bile excretion?
Cystic duct
How does secretin affect bile secretion?
Stimulates ion and water secretion by the bile ducts
What effect does Ach have on bile secretion?
Contraction of the gall bladder (Parasympathetic Nervous System)
What allows for the filling of the gall bladder during the “interdigestive” periods?
Sympathetic Nervous System (Beta2) = no contraction of the gall bladder and the sphincter of Oddi is closed
What is acute cholecystitis?
Right upper quadrant pain, fever, and leukocytosis associated with gallbladder inflammation that is usually related to gallstone disease
What is chronic cholecystitis?
Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration of the gall bladder. Invariably associated with the presence of gallstones and is thought to be the result of mechanical irritation or recurrent attacks of acute cholecystitis leading to fibrosis and thickening of the gallbladder.
90% percent of gall stones are formed by what?
Cholesterol
What three factors appear to be involved in the formation of gall stones?
Bile stasis
Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol
Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)
What causes symptoms of indigestion and biliary colic?
When small stones pass into the common bile duct
What are the risk factors for cholelithiasis?
Gender (more common in women) Pregnancy Oral contraceptive use Family history (genetics) Obesity Rapid weight loss Diabetes mellitus (hyperlipidemia and autonomic neuropathy)
What causes black pigmented stones in the gallbladder?
Increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin
- Congenital abnormalities
- Hemolysis
- Liver disease
- Fasting
What causes brown pigmented stones in the gallbladder?
Infection of the biliary tree resulting from surgical or endoscopic procedure or stasis
