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Chemistry 7404/5 > 3.9 Carboxyllic Acids and their Derivatives > Flashcards

3.9 Carboxyllic Acids and their Derivatives Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of a Carboxyllic Acid?

A
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2
Q

What are the key properties of Carboxyllic Acids?

A

They are Carbonyll compounds

They are weak acids

They partially dissociate

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3
Q

How do Carboxyllic Acids Partially dissociate?

A

This is reversible.

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4
Q

How do Carboxyllic Acids react with Metal Carbonates?

A

2 Carboxyllic Acid + Metal Carbonate -> 2 Salt + CO2 + H2O

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5
Q

How do Carboxyllic Acids react with Metal Hydrogen Carbonate?

A

Carboxyllic Acid + NaHCO3 -> Salt + H2O + CO2

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6
Q

What is the structure of an Ester?

A
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7
Q

What are the properties and uses of Esters?

A

They smell sweet so are used in perfumes and flavourings

They are polar liquids and have low boilign points so are used as solvents and plasticisers

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8
Q

How do you make Esters?

A

Esterfication of Carboxyllic Acids

Acid Catalyst- H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4

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9
Q

How do you break Esters?

A

Acid Hydrolysis

Base hydolysis

Hydrolysis means breaking by water/ H+

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10
Q

What is Acid Hydrolysis of Esters?

A

Breaking of an Ester to a Carboxyllic Acid and Alcohol

with Acid Catalyst- H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4

under Reflux

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11
Q

What is Base Hydrolysis of Esters?

A

The breaking of an Ester into Carboxyllic ion and Alcohol using a dilute Alkali

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12
Q

What is an Acyl Chloride?

A
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13
Q

What are the properties of Acyl Chloride?

A

Fuming Liquid

Cant dissolve in water; it reacts

Vinegar Smell

Dipole-dipole, so has a higher b.p than alkanes

Polar Molecules

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14
Q

How do Acyl Chlorides react with water?

A

Acyl Chloride + Water -> Carboxyllic Acid + HCl

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15
Q

How do Acyl Chlorides react with Alchol?

A

Acyl Chloride + Alcohol -> Ester + HCl

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16
Q

How do Acyl chlorides react with Phenol?

A

Acyl Chloride + phenol -> Acyllated Phenol + HCl

17
Q

How do Acyl chlorides react with Ammonia?

A

Acyl Chloride + Ammonia -> HCl + Ethanamide

18
Q

How do you make Acyl Chlorides?

PCl5

A

Carboxyllic + PCl5 -> Acyl Chloride + HCl + POCl3

in the cold

steamy acidic fumes produced of HCl

liquid mixture of products

19
Q

How do you make Acyl Chlorides?

PCl3

A

Carboxyllic Acid + PCl3 -> Acyl chloride + H3PO4

Mixture of Acyl Chloride and Phosphric Acid Produced

Fractionally distillated to remove desired product

room temperature

less dramatic reaction

20
Q

How do you make Acyl Chlorides?

SOCl2

A

Carboxyllic Acid + SOCl2 -> Acyl Chloride + HCl + SO2

two gases produced

Chemistry 7404/5 (29 decks)

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