3.9 Carboxyllic Acids and their Derivatives Flashcards
What is the structure of a Carboxyllic Acid?
What are the key properties of Carboxyllic Acids?
They are Carbonyll compounds
They are weak acids
They partially dissociate
How do Carboxyllic Acids Partially dissociate?
This is reversible.
How do Carboxyllic Acids react with Metal Carbonates?
2 Carboxyllic Acid + Metal Carbonate -> 2 Salt + CO2 + H2O
How do Carboxyllic Acids react with Metal Hydrogen Carbonate?
Carboxyllic Acid + NaHCO3 -> Salt + H2O + CO2
What is the structure of an Ester?
What are the properties and uses of Esters?
They smell sweet so are used in perfumes and flavourings
They are polar liquids and have low boilign points so are used as solvents and plasticisers
How do you make Esters?
Esterfication of Carboxyllic Acids
Acid Catalyst- H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4
How do you break Esters?
Acid Hydrolysis
Base hydolysis
Hydrolysis means breaking by water/ H+
What is Acid Hydrolysis of Esters?
Breaking of an Ester to a Carboxyllic Acid and Alcohol
with Acid Catalyst- H2SO4, HCl, H3PO4
under Reflux
What is Base Hydrolysis of Esters?
The breaking of an Ester into Carboxyllic ion and Alcohol using a dilute Alkali
What is an Acyl Chloride?
What are the properties of Acyl Chloride?
Fuming Liquid
Cant dissolve in water; it reacts
Vinegar Smell
Dipole-dipole, so has a higher b.p than alkanes
Polar Molecules
How do Acyl Chlorides react with water?
Acyl Chloride + Water -> Carboxyllic Acid + HCl
How do Acyl Chlorides react with Alchol?
Acyl Chloride + Alcohol -> Ester + HCl