1.12 Acid and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

Brønsted Lowrey definitions of Acid and Base

A

Acid is a proton donor

Base is a proton acceptor

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2
Q

What is a monophonic acid?

A

Only donates 1 H+

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3
Q

What is a diprotic acid?

A

Donates 2 H+

H2SO4

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4
Q

Is water an acid or base?

A

ACID:

Donates H+ to ammonia
H2O + NH3 → OH- + NH4+

BASE:

HCl donates H+ to water
HCl + H2O → H3O+ +Cl-

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5
Q

What is the ionisation of water?

A

Water is naturally slightly ionised

H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-

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6
Q

What is the ionic product of water?

A

Kc= [H+][OH-] / [H2O]

Kw= [H+][OH-]

298K its equal to 1*10-4 mol²dm-³

Because each H2O dissociates to 1 H+ and 1 OH-…….

[H+]² = 1*10-4mol²dm-³

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7
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

-log10 [H+]
The smaller the pH the greater the H+ ions.

[H+]= 10 ^-ph

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8
Q

How do weak acids dissociate and what is Ka?

A

HA ⇌ H+ + A-

Kc= [H+][A-] / [A] =Ka

Ka is the dissociation constant

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9
Q

How does Ka work with equilibrium?

A

The larger the value of Ka, the further equilibrium is shifted to the right, the stronger the acid

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10
Q

What is PKa?

A

It’s a similar scale to pH

-log(Pka

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11
Q

Why do we use titration for acid and bases?

A

we use titration to find out when we have neutralised acid-base reaction.

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12
Q

What is the endpoint?

A

The position at which indicator changes colour

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13
Q

What is the equivalence point?

A

This refers to the stoichiometric quantities of the reactant.

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14
Q

IMAGES OF ACID BASE CURVES

A

IMAGES OF ACID BASE CURVES

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15
Q

What is litmus?

A

Weak acid
Unionised is red
Ionised is blue

HLit ⇌ H+ + Lit-

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16
Q

What is Methyl Orange?

A

MeOr
Benzene in structure
Acid is red
Alkalis yellow

HMeOr ⇌ H+ + MeOr-

17
Q

What is phenolphthalein?

A

Weak acid
Acid is colourless
Alkali is purple

H Phph ⇌ H+ + Phph-

Think P for Phph & Purple

18
Q

What is an acidic buffer?

A

The weak acid and a salt of the weak acid

CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+

19
Q

How does an acidic buffer work?

A

CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H

If acid is added the increased H+ is mopped up by CH3COO-

If alkalis is added equilibrium shifts to the right to replace the H+ lost