1.1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is the mass number?

Answer 1

The total number of protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is the proton number?

Answer 2

The number of protons

Question 3

What is an ion?

Answer 3

An atom which has gained or lost an electron

Question 4

What is an isotope?

Answer 4

An atom with the same number of protons and electrons but different neutrons. The same chemical properties.

Question 5

What is the relative atomic mass?

Answer 5

The average mass of an atom of an element, taking into account its isotopes, relative to 1/12th the relative atomic mass of an atom of Carbon 12

Question 6

What is the relative molecular mass?

Answer 6

The mass of a molecule compared to 1/12th the relative atomic mass of an atom of Carbon 12

Question 7

What is the relative isotopic mass?

Answer 7

The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12th of carbon 12.

Question 8

What type of mass spectrometer are we using?

Answer 8

Time of Flight

Question 9

What is electrospray ionisation?

Answer 9

A sample dissolved in a polar solvent is pushed through at a high pressure and ionised by a high voltage.

Question 10

What is the acceleration stage?

Answer 10

The ions are accelerated by a magnetic field. Lighter ions experience more speed.

Question 11

What is ion drift?

Answer 11

Ions drift through a vacuum region with equal kinetic energy as they leave the magnetic field. The lower mass/charge ration travel faster as they are lighter.

Question 12

What is the detection stage?

Answer 12

Ions hit the detector, receive an electron and the current is recorded to produce a mass spectra

Question 13

What are the four orbitals?

Answer 13

s,p,d,f

Question 14

What is the first ionisation energy?

Answer 14

The energy required to remove 1 electron in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions

Question 15

How does atomic radius affect ionisation energy?

Answer 15

The greater the atomic radius, the smaller the nuclear attraction experienced by outer electrons

Question 16

How does nuclear charge affect ionisation energy?

Answer 16

The more protons that there are, the bigger the positive charge and attraction on the outer electron

Question 17

How does shielding affect ionisation energy?

Answer 17

The inner shells of electrons repel the outer shells of electrons

Question 18

How do you write an equation for successive ionisation energies?

Answer 18

Li (g) -> Li + (g) + 1 e-

Question 19

What is special between the 4s and 3d orbitals?

Answer 19

They are sol similar in energy that 4s fills before 3d and sometimes half shells are filled to create even numbers.

Question 20

Why do we ionise our sample in Mass Spectroscoper?

Answer 20

So the sample has an overall charge so can be manipulated by a magnetic field to speed up in accelleration phase.