3.1 Organic Chemistry

Question 1

What is the molecular formula?

Answer 1

The actual number of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

What is the general formula?

Answer 2

The algebraic formula which describes a homologous series/ family of compounds. Ie) CnH2n+2

Question 3

What is the structural formula?

Answer 3

It shows the all elements, carbon by carbon, including functional groups and H
CH3CH3CCl3

Question 4

What is the displayed formula?

Answer 4

It shows how the atoms are arranged with their bonds

Think Ball and Stick Model

Question 5

What is the skeletal formula?

Answer 5

A sketch of the carbon chain with functional groups written.

Question 6

Alkanes

Answer 6

CnH2n+2
-ane
Saturated hydrocarbon

Question 7

Alkenes

Answer 7

CnH2n
-ene
Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 8

Halogenoalkanes

Answer 8

CnH2n+1X
Bromo-
Fluoro- 
Iodo- 
Chloro-

Question 9

Cycloalkanes

Answer 9

CnH2n
Cyclo-
Saturated
Ring structure

Question 10

Alcohol

Answer 10

CnH2n+1OH
-ol

R-C-OH

Question 11

Aldehyde

Answer 11

R-CHO
-al

-C=O
|
H

Question 12

Ketones

Answer 12

R-CO-R
-one

R
|
C=O
|
R

Question 13

Carboxylic acid

Answer 13

-oic acid
R-COOH

R-C=O
|
OH

Question 14

Branched Alkanes

Number of carbon and the name

Answer 14

1- Methyl
2- Ethyl
3- Propyl
4- Butyl
5- Pentyl
6- Hexyl

Question 15

What is a homologous series?

Answer 15

A series of molecules with the same functional group and general formula

Question 16

What are the rules of nomenclature?

Answer 16

Always count the largest carbon chain
Number each functional group (smaller numbers preferably)
Name the groups on their quantity- di, tri, tetra
Halogens have lower priority than alkyl, Alkenes and other groups
Commas between numbers; dashes between words and numbers

Question 17

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 17

Different arrangement of the carbon chain

Question 18

What is position isomerism?

Answer 18

The same shape but the naming feature has moved ie) OH

Question 19

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 19

The same atoms but different functional groups

Alkene -> Cycloalkanes

Question 20

What is stereoisomersm?

Answer 20

The same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

Question 21

What is E isomer?

Answer 21

Occurs around a double bond. The matching groups are on the opposite sides

(Think diagonal)

Question 22

What is a Z isomer?

Answer 22

Occurs around a double bond. The matching groups are on the same side

Question 23

What does planar double bond mean?

Answer 23

All atoms across a double bond is planar and they can’t rotate
However their chains and branches can rotate.

Question 24

What is the empirical formula?

Answer 24

The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound