34: Toxicology and Substance Abuse

Question 0

Any chemical (drug, poison, or other) that causes adverse effects on an organism.

Answer 0

Toxin

Question 1

Study of the detection, chemistry, pharmacological actions, and antidotes of toxic substances.

Answer 1

Toxicology

Question 2

Entry of a substance into the body through the respiratory tract.

Answer 2

Inhalation

Question 3

Entry of a substance into the body directly through the skin or mucous membrane.

Answer 3

Surface Absorption

Question 4

Phosphorus-containing organic chemicals.

Answer 4

Organophosphates

Question 5

Entry of a substance into the body through a break in the skin.

Answer 5

Injection

Question 6

The process of minimizing toxicity by reducing the amount of toxin absorbed into the body.

Answer 6

Decontamination

Question 7

Removing an ingested poison by reportedly filling and emptying the stomach with water or saline via a gastric tube; also known as “pumping the stomach”.

Answer 7

Gastric Lavage

Question 8

A powder, usually premixed with water, that will absorb some poisons and help prevent them from being absorbed by the body.

Answer 8

Activated Charcoal

Question 9

Administration of polyethylene glycol continuously at 1-2 L/Hr through a nasogastric tube until the effluent is clear or objects are recovered.

Answer 9

Whole bowel irrigation

Question 10

A substance that will neutralize a specific toxin or counteract its effect on the body.

Answer 10

Antidote

Question 11

A toxic sydrome; a group of typical signs and symptoms consistently associated with exposure to a particular type of toxin.

Answer 11

Toxidrome

Question 12

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in solution.

Answer 12

Acid

Question 13

A substance that liberates hydoxyl ions when in solution; a strong base.

Answer 13

Alkali

Question 14

The maximum tolerated dose divided by the minimum curative dose of a drug; the range between curative and toxic dosages; also called therapeutic window.

Answer 14

Therapeutic Index

Question 15

A soluble poisonous substance secreted during growth of a bacterium.

Answer 15

Exotoxin

Question 16

An exotoxin that produces gastrointestinal symptoms adn diseases such as food poisoning.

Answer 16

enterotoxin

Question 17

Poisoning from a pharmacological substance in excess of that usually prescribed of that the body can tolerate.

Answer 17

Drug overdose

Question 18

Use of a pharmacological substance for purposes other than medically defined reasons.

Answer 18

Substance abuse

Question 19

Compulsive and overwhelming dependence on a drug, physiological dependence, a psychological dependence, or both.

Answer 19

Addiction

Question 20

The need to progressively increase the dose of a drug to reproduce the defect originally achieved by smaller doses.

Answer 20

Tolerance

Question 21

Referring to alcohol or drugs. In which the patient’s body reacts severely when deprived of the abused substance.

Answer 21

Withdrawal

Question 22

Disorder found in habitual and excessive users of alcoholic beverages after cessation of drinking for 48-72 Hrs. Patients experience visual, tactile, and auditory disturbances, Death may result in severe cases.

Answer 22

Delirium Tremens (DTs)