27: Pulmonology Flashcards
The mechanical process of moving air in and out of the lungs.
Ventilation
A disease characterized by a decreased ability of the lungs to perform the function of ventilation.
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
The movement of molecules through a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
Diffusion
The circulation of blood through the capillaries.
Perfusion
The transport protein that carries oxygen in the blood.
Hemoglobin
The exchange of gases between a living organism and its environment.
Respiration
A collection of air in the pleural space.
Pneumothorax
A collection of blood in the pleural space.
Hemothorax
One or more fractured ribs in two or more places, creating an unattached rib segment.
Flail chest
Absence of breathing.
Apnea
State in which insufficient oxygen is available to meet the oxygen requirements of the cells.
Hypoxia
Bluish discoloration of the skin due to an increase in reduces hemoglobin in the blood. the condition is directly related to poor perfusion.
Cyanosis
Retractions of the tissues of the neck due to airway obstruction or dyspnea.
Tracheal tugging
A decrease in the amount of oxygen and an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of some interference with respiration.
Asphyxia
Dyspnea while lying supine.
Orthopnea
Short attacks of dyspnea that occur at night and interrupt sleep.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Expiration of blood from the respiratory tree.
Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
Presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue.
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Vibratory tremors felt through the chest by papation.
Tactile Fremitus
Form of pulmonary edema that is caused by fluid accumulation in the interstitial space within the lungs.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome
A method of holding the alveoli open by increasing expiratory pressure.
Positive END-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
Hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from disorders of the lung.
Cor Pulmonal
An excess of red blood cells.
Polycythemia
Sharp or tearing, as a description of pain
Pleuritic
Hemoglobin with carbon monoxide bound.
Carboxyhemoglobin
A pneumothorax that occurs spontaneously, in the absence of blunt or penetrating trauma.
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
___________ risk factors are those that are influenced by or are from within the patient.
Intrinsic
The oxygen dissociation curve cam be altered by changes in the:
PCO2, blood pH, body temperature
Cellular respiration occurs in the peripheral:
Capillaries
___________ is characterized by long deep breaths that are stopped during the inspiratory phase and separated by periods of apnea; this pattern is a result of stroke or severe central hervous system disease.
Apneustic Respirations
Common medications used by patients with COPD include all of the following EXCEPT:
Theophylline
A whistling sound due to narrowing of the airways by edema, bronchoconstriction, or foreign materials describe:
Wheezing
The preferred abbreviation to describe oxygen saturation measurement is:
PaO2
__________ is a graphic recording or display of the capnometry reading over time.
Capnogram
____________ describes an excess of red blood cells resultling in an abnormally high hematocrit.
Polycythemia
The paramedic should measure _______ to determine the severity of an asthma attach and the degree of response to treatment.
PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)
